Industrial Revolution

Question 0

To separate iron from its ore

Answer 0

Smelt

Question 1

Taking over and consolidating land formerly shared by peasant farmers

Answer 1

Enclosure

Question 2

Scottish engineer improved the efficiency of the steam engine making it the key source of power for the Industrial Revolution.
. Made Newcomen’s steam engine more efficient
. Watt’s invention was the power source to run factories and trains

Answer 2

James Watt

Question 3

A drug that prevents pain during surgery

Answer 3

Anesthetic

Question 4

. Process by which production shifted from hand tools to complex machinery
. The changes it brought gradually affected people’s lives
. Population growth is one of the factors that led to IR

Answer 4

Industrial Revolution

Question 5

. Worked by hand
. Lived in villages
. Grew their food
. Traveled by foot, horse, or boat

Answer 5

Life before 1750

Question 6

Life after 1850

Answer 6

. Lived and worked in cities
. Bought food and clothes made elsewhere
. Traveled by train or steamboat

Question 7

. Built dikes
. Combined small parcels to better use land
. Experimented with fertilizer
.

Answer 7

The Dutch

Question 8

. Experimented with crop rotation
. Experimented with using different soils
. Jethro Tull- invented the seed drill
. Lord Charles Townshend- urged farmers to grow turnips which restored exhausted soil
. King George III (Farmer George)- wrote articles about his model farm near Windsor Castle

Answer 8

The British

Question 9

. (1500s) Landowners enclosed land to pasture sheep and improve wool output
. (1700s) Landowners consolidated (combined) their farm holdings
. Larger farms were more efficient producing more food with less labor and cost

Answer 9

Enclosure greatly raised farm output

Question 10

. Threw many poor farm workers off the land
. Small landowners couldn’t compete
. Farm workers now went to cities to tend machines

Answer 10

The downfall of land enclosure

Question 11

. Greater food production, less famine 
. Better diet
. Medical care improved health
. Britain (1700) 5M - (1800) 9M
. Europe (1700) 120M - (1800) 180M

Answer 11

The Agriculture Revolution contributed to population explosion in Europe

Question 12

Smelt iron using coal instead of charcoal

. The result was cheaper and better iron used to make steam engine parts

Answer 12

Andrew Darby

Question 13

Invented a steam engine to pump water from mines

Answer 13

Thomas Newcomen

Question 14

Harnessed to produce steam for power (1700s)

Answer 14

Coal

Question 15

Messages could instantly be sent over long distances

Answer 15

Telegraph

Question 16

Machines could stitch far faster than a seamstress

Answer 16

Sewing Machine

Question 17

Reducing infections, saves lives

Answer 17

Antiseptic

Question 18

Money to invest in enterprises

Answer 18

Capital

Question 19

A business organization like shipping, mining, railroads, or factories

Answer 19

Enterprise

Question 20

Someone who manages and assumes the financial risk of starting a new business

Answer 20

Entrepreneur

Question 21

Example: cotton industry- took cotton, gave to peasants, who spun it into thread, and then wove it into cloth
Definition: a process- take a product, and put it out

Answer 21

Putting out system

Question 22

Invented the cotton gin

Answer 22

Eli Whitney

Question 23

A private road that charges a toll or fee to use

Answer 23

A turn pike

Question 24

The site of the world's first major rail line (1830)

Answer 24

Liverpool to Manchester

Question 25

. Changes in agriculture left farmers jobless . Farmers moved to cities . They provided labor for factories and coal mines

Answer 25

Why Britain led the Industrial Revolution

Question 26

. They had plentiful natural resources . They had skilled inventors and a ready work force . They had a stable government that supported economic growth . They had a powerful navy that protected trade

Answer 26

Why Britain poised for industrialization

Question 27

Types of natural resources

Answer 27

``` . Natural ports . Rivers . Water for canals . Access to the sea . Coal . Iron They helped with the transportation of goods ```

Question 28

Machines that changed the textile industry

Answer 28

. The flying shuttle- made weaving faster . The spinning jenny (James Hargreaves)- spun several threads at once . A water frame- used water to power the process These machines doomed the putting out system

Question 29

Factories

Answer 29

. Machines and workers brought together to produce large quantities of goods

Question 30

How could farmers provide enough cotton to keep up with the machines?

Answer 30

(1793) Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin to separate cotton fiber from seeds which increased production

Question 31

Cheaper ways of moving products

Answer 31

. Invention of the turn pike . Products traveled faster on these roads (turn pikes) . These roads were linked

Question 32

Additional transportation improvements

Answer 32

. Stronger bridges and upgraded harbors | . Digging canals to link rivers

Question 33

Railroads

Answer 33

. (Early 1800s) George Stevenson- developed the steam power locomotive . These locomotives could get goods to places that canals could not reach . They did not have to follow rivers so they could get their goods faster across land . Liverpool to Manchester line began a BOOM in railroad building (1830) . By 1870, railroads criss-crossed over England, Europe, and the US

Question 34

The Cycle

Answer 34

. More affordable goods caused lower prices . Lower prices created more consumers and greater demand . Greater demand led to new inventions and still more affordable goods