Industrial Revolution

Question 1

Industrial Revolution

Answer 1

A period of rapid growth in the use of machines in manufacturing and production that began in the mid-1700s

Question 2

Steam Engine

Answer 2

an engine that uses the expansion or rapid condensation of steam to generate power.

Question 3

Factory System

Answer 3

A method of production that brought many workers and machines together into one building

Question 4

cottage industry

Answer 4

Manufacturing based in homes rather than in a factory, commonly found before the Industrial Revolution.

Question 5

Spinning Jenny

Answer 5

A machine that could spin several threads at once

Question 6

Cotton Gin

Answer 6

A machine for cleaning the seeds from cotton fibers, invented by Eli Whitney in 1793

Question 7

Bessemer Process

Answer 7

A way to manufacture steel quickly and cheaply by blasting hot air through melted iron to quickly remove impurities.

Question 8

Urbanization

Answer 8

the growth of cities

Question 9

Labor Union

Answer 9

An organization of workers that tries to improve working conditions, wages, and benefits for its members

Question 10

Suffrage

Answer 10

the right to vote

Question 11

Collective Bargaining

Answer 11

Process by which a union representing a group of workers negotiates with management for a contract

Question 12

strike

Answer 12

Nonviolent refusal to continue to work until a problem is resolved.

Question 13

Factory Act

Answer 13

Limited children’s and adolescents workweek in textile factories

Question 14

Laissez-faire

Answer 14

Idea that government should play as small a role as possible in economic affairs.

Question 15

Capitalism

Answer 15

An economic system based on private ownership of capital

Question 16

Market Competition

Answer 16

rivalry among businesses for resources and customers

Question 17

Standard of Living

Answer 17

Quality of life based on ownership of necessities and luxuries that make life easier.

Question 18

Socialism

Answer 18

A system in which society, usually in the form of the government, owns and controls the means of production.

Question 19

Communism

Answer 19

A theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state.

Question 20

Entrepreneur

Answer 20

A person who starts up and takes on the risk of a business

Question 21

Imperialism

Answer 21

A policy of extending a country’s power and influence through diplomacy or military force.

Question 22

Colony

Answer 22

A group of people in one place who are ruled by a parent country elsewhere.

Question 23

Protectorate

Answer 23

A country whose affairs are partially controlled by a stronger power.

Question 24

Spheres of Influence

Answer 24

Areas in which countries have some political and economic control but do not govern directly (ex. Europe and U.S. in China)

Question 25

Boxer Rebellion

Answer 25

1899 rebellion in Beijing, China started by a secret society of Chinese who opposed the "foreign devils". The rebellion was ended by British troops.

Question 26

Indian National Congress

Answer 26

A movement and political party founded in 1885 to demand greater Indian participation in government. Its membership was middle class, and its demands were modest until World War I. Led after 1920 by Mohandas K. Gandhi, appealing to the poor.

Question 27

Enclosure Movement

Answer 27

practice of fencing or enclosing common lands into individual holdings. The 18th century privatization of common lands in England, which contributed to the increase in population and the rise of industrialization.

Question 28

Proletariat

Answer 28

Marx's term for the exploited class, the mass of workers who do not own the means of production

Question 29

Social Darwinsim

Answer 29

view of society based on natural selection; stonger ppl would prosper and weaker ones would fail

Question 30

Sepoys

Answer 30

Indian troops who served in the British army

Question 31

innovation

Answer 31

An improvement of an existing technological product, system, or method of doing something.

Question 32

expansion

Answer 32

Extending the nation beyond its existing borders

Question 33

primary

Answer 33

First or most significant

Question 34

result

Answer 34

something that happens because of something else

Question 35

enable

Answer 35

to make possible

Question 36

development

Answer 36

A process of improvement in the material conditions of people through diffusion of knowledge and technology.

Question 37

formerly

Answer 37

previously