Industrial Revolution

Question 1

What was the main power source in Industry 1.0?

Answer 1

Steam power, which was first applied to mechanical production in the late eighteenth century.

Question 2

What major development marked Industry 2.0?

Answer 2

The use of electric power, leading to mass production facilities in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

Question 3

When did Industry 3.0 begin, and what technology was central to it?

Answer 3

Industry 3.0 began in the early 1970s, with the emergence of computers and IT networks that enabled automation in industrial operations.

Question 4

What is the main driver of Industry 4.0 according to the World Economic Forum?

Answer 4

The Internet of Things (loT) (Schwab,2016)

Question 5

What key capabilities do intelligent machines in Industry 4.0 have?

Answer 5

Machines in Industry 4.0 are equipped with smart sensors that allow them to communicate, make intelligent decisions, predict failures, and perform self-healing with minimal human intervention.

Question 6

How do factories operate in Industry 4.0?

Answer 6

Factories are “connected,” with intelligent machines that collaborate autonomously, enhancing productivity and reducing the need for human involvement.

Question 7

Can you give an example referring to each industrial step?

Answer 7

1. Mechanical production facilitates run on water and stem power (1784)
2. Mass production relies on electrical energy (1870)
3. Automated assembly lines rely on computers and information technology (1970).
4. Intelligent factories are driven by IoT networking (today)

Question 8

What are common challenges in traditional, disconnected industrial enterprises?

Answer 8

Limited visibility into operations, inefficiencies, and safety issues due to components operating in independent silos.

Question 9

How does the Industrial Internet of Things (IloT) address issues in traditional factories?

Answer 9

By retooling factories with loT technologies to interconnect smart sensors, actuators, and robots with industrial control systems.

Question 10

What are the key technologies used in IloT-enabled factories?

Answer 10

Human Machine Interfaces (HMIs), Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA), and Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs).

Question 11

What is a Human Machine Interface (HMI) in an industrial setting?

Answer 11

It is the primary contact point between operators and processes or devices, facilitating human interaction with machinery.

Question 12

What is Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)?

Answer 12

A combination of software and hardware used to control and monitor industrial processes.