Industrial Revolution Flashcards
What is the enclosure system?
Enclosed, fenced land that belongs to one person. The farms were divided and sold, leading to no more common land
How could they see that the enclosure system was efficient?
It lead to more food production
What revolution did the enclosure system lead to?
Agricultural revolution
Who regulated the enclosure system?
16th century governmental laws
Who regulated the enclosure system?
16th century governmental laws
Who benefitted from the enclosure system?
Wealthy landowners
Who suffered because of the enclosure system and why?
Small farmers and labourers suffered. There was no more common land and so they were poor and homeless
What did the small farmers and labourers do when the enclosure system was introduced?
They moved to industrial towns to work as miners and factory workers
What is the cottage industry? Give an example
Handcrafts done at home
Eg. Weaving woolen cloth
Who was part of the cottage industry and why?
The wives of farm labourers were part of the cottage industry in order to earn extra income
List the steps of the woolen cloth industry
- Buy
- Prepare
- Spin
- Weave
- Trample
- Sell
What time period did the industrial revolution take place?
1750 - 1850
What time period did the industrial revolution take place?
1750 - 1850
What fields experienced changes during the industrial revolution?
- agriculture
- manufacturing
- mining
- transportation
- steam energy
Where did the industrial revolution start and where did it spread?
It started in Britain before spreading to Western Europe and the rest of the world
What did the industrial revolution affect?
Effected social and economic conditions of the time and the future
List the three social changes that occurred during the industrial revolution
- urbanization
- mines
- factories
What is urbanization?
The movement from rural areas to towns and cities
Where did people move to during urbanization?
Coal and iron ore mining towns
Why did urbanization occur?
Farm enclosures pushed people towards towns
What was bad about urbanization?
- terrible living conditions
- lack of water and sewerage system
- small, cramped, close-together houses near to factories
- dirty and lots of diseases
- long hours, little pay, poverty (lifestyle changed)
What were workhouses?
- orphans
- no pay, given a place to sleep and food
What was bad about mines during the industrial revolution?
- very dangerous
- due to the fact that you had to be small, women and children carried the coal along tunnels to the surface
- before 1842 Mines Act, children under 10 also worked
Who were the Luddites?
The factories cost many craftworkers their jobs. In 1779, a man called Ned Ludd was known for breaking machines in a fit of rage. Weavers and other workers, who became known as Luddites, began destroying machines and said “Ned Ludd did it.”