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Industrial Revolution Grade 8 > Industrial Revolution > Flashcards

Industrial Revolution Flashcards

1
Q

What is the enclosure system?

A

Enclosed, fenced land that belongs to one person. The farms were divided and sold, leading to no more common land

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2
Q

How could they see that the enclosure system was efficient?

A

It lead to more food production

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3
Q

What revolution did the enclosure system lead to?

A

Agricultural revolution

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4
Q

Who regulated the enclosure system?

A

16th century governmental laws

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5
Q

Who regulated the enclosure system?

A

16th century governmental laws

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6
Q

Who benefitted from the enclosure system?

A

Wealthy landowners

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7
Q

Who suffered because of the enclosure system and why?

A

Small farmers and labourers suffered. There was no more common land and so they were poor and homeless

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8
Q

What did the small farmers and labourers do when the enclosure system was introduced?

A

They moved to industrial towns to work as miners and factory workers

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9
Q

What is the cottage industry? Give an example

A

Handcrafts done at home
Eg. Weaving woolen cloth

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10
Q

Who was part of the cottage industry and why?

A

The wives of farm labourers were part of the cottage industry in order to earn extra income

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11
Q

List the steps of the woolen cloth industry

A
  1. Buy
  2. Prepare
  3. Spin
  4. Weave
  5. Trample
  6. Sell
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12
Q

What time period did the industrial revolution take place?

A

1750 - 1850

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13
Q

What time period did the industrial revolution take place?

A

1750 - 1850

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14
Q

What fields experienced changes during the industrial revolution?

A
  • agriculture
  • manufacturing
  • mining
  • transportation
  • steam energy
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15
Q

Where did the industrial revolution start and where did it spread?

A

It started in Britain before spreading to Western Europe and the rest of the world

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16
Q

What did the industrial revolution affect?

A

Effected social and economic conditions of the time and the future

17
Q

List the three social changes that occurred during the industrial revolution

A
  • urbanization
  • mines
  • factories
18
Q

What is urbanization?

A

The movement from rural areas to towns and cities

19
Q

Where did people move to during urbanization?

A

Coal and iron ore mining towns

20
Q

Why did urbanization occur?

A

Farm enclosures pushed people towards towns

21
Q

What was bad about urbanization?

A
  • terrible living conditions
  • lack of water and sewerage system
  • small, cramped, close-together houses near to factories
  • dirty and lots of diseases
  • long hours, little pay, poverty (lifestyle changed)
22
Q

What were workhouses?

A
  • orphans
  • no pay, given a place to sleep and food
23
Q

What was bad about mines during the industrial revolution?

A
  • very dangerous
  • due to the fact that you had to be small, women and children carried the coal along tunnels to the surface
  • before 1842 Mines Act, children under 10 also worked
24
Q

Who were the Luddites?

A

The factories cost many craftworkers their jobs. In 1779, a man called Ned Ludd was known for breaking machines in a fit of rage. Weavers and other workers, who became known as Luddites, began destroying machines and said “Ned Ludd did it.”

25
Q

What were the mills and what did they process?

A

They were factories that processed raw materials such as sugar and cotton

Children as young as 5 years old worked in the mills

26
Q

List 5 changes that occurred during the industrial revolution

A
  • machines
  • factories
  • power and energy
  • mining
  • transportation
27
Q

What were the first machines invented for?

A

Manufacturing of woollen cloth from sheep’s wool and cotton cloth from cotton grown on slave plantations

28
Q

What were the swing riots?

A

Threshing machines left people without jobs. ‘Swing riots’ were protests and resistance by farm labourers that spread all over southern England in 1830. The workers destroyed hundreds of threshing machines, with the leader of the protests using the name ‘Captain Swing’

29
Q

How did the invention of machines lead to factories being built?

A

The machines were too big to fit into people’s houses and therefore large buildings called factories had to be built. People had to leave their homes and go to a factory to work.

30
Q

How did the invention of machines lead to factories being built?

A

The machines were too big to fit into people’s houses and therefore large buildings called factories had to be built. People had to leave their homes and go to a factory to work.

31
Q

What were the first machines made from and what powered them?

A

They were made from wood and some were powered by water

32
Q

What were the first machines made from and what powered them?

A

They were made from wood and some were powered by water

33
Q

When was the steam engine first invented?

A

Early 1700s

34
Q

Who improved the technology of the steam engine?

A

James Watt

35
Q

What was needed to boil water to make steam?

A

Coal and iron

36
Q

What was used to pump water out of mines?

A

Steak pumps

37
Q

How were goods transported to seaports before the industrial revolution?

A

They were transported along dirt roads by coaches and wagons pulled by horses

38
Q

What did John MacAdam invent?

A

‘Tarmac’ roads were invented, and by 1830, 1000s of new hard-surface roads had been built between the factory towns and seaports

39
Q

What did George Stephenson invent?

A

He developed the technology of the steam-powered engine so that it could travel along rails. In 1830, his steam engine called the Rocket pulled a train of wagons along a railway line. As railway travel became faster, trains became the main way unprocessed goods (eg. Coal, iron, cotton, sugar, manufactured goods) were transported

Industrial Revolution Grade 8 (1 decks)

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