Industrial Revolution

Question 1

What is the enclosure system?

Answer 1

Enclosed, fenced land that belongs to one person. The farms were divided and sold, leading to no more common land

Question 2

How could they see that the enclosure system was efficient?

Answer 2

It lead to more food production

Question 3

What revolution did the enclosure system lead to?

Answer 3

Agricultural revolution

Question 4

Who regulated the enclosure system?

Answer 4

16th century governmental laws

Question 5

Who regulated the enclosure system?

Answer 5

16th century governmental laws

Question 6

Who benefitted from the enclosure system?

Answer 6

Wealthy landowners

Question 7

Who suffered because of the enclosure system and why?

Answer 7

Small farmers and labourers suffered. There was no more common land and so they were poor and homeless

Question 8

What did the small farmers and labourers do when the enclosure system was introduced?

Answer 8

They moved to industrial towns to work as miners and factory workers

Question 9

What is the cottage industry? Give an example

Answer 9

Handcrafts done at home
Eg. Weaving woolen cloth

Question 10

Who was part of the cottage industry and why?

Answer 10

The wives of farm labourers were part of the cottage industry in order to earn extra income

Question 11

List the steps of the woolen cloth industry

Answer 11

1. Buy
2. Prepare
3. Spin
4. Weave
5. Trample
6. Sell

Question 12

What time period did the industrial revolution take place?

Answer 12

1750 - 1850

Question 13

What time period did the industrial revolution take place?

Answer 13

1750 - 1850

Question 14

What fields experienced changes during the industrial revolution?

Answer 14

• agriculture
• manufacturing
• mining
• transportation
• steam energy

Question 15

Where did the industrial revolution start and where did it spread?

Answer 15

It started in Britain before spreading to Western Europe and the rest of the world

Question 16

What did the industrial revolution affect?

Answer 16

Effected social and economic conditions of the time and the future

Question 17

List the three social changes that occurred during the industrial revolution

Answer 17

• urbanization
• mines
• factories

Question 18

What is urbanization?

Answer 18

The movement from rural areas to towns and cities

Question 19

Where did people move to during urbanization?

Answer 19

Coal and iron ore mining towns

Question 20

Why did urbanization occur?

Answer 20

Farm enclosures pushed people towards towns

Question 21

What was bad about urbanization?

Answer 21

• terrible living conditions
• lack of water and sewerage system
• small, cramped, close-together houses near to factories
• dirty and lots of diseases
• long hours, little pay, poverty (lifestyle changed)

Question 22

What were workhouses?

Answer 22

• orphans
• no pay, given a place to sleep and food

Question 23

What was bad about mines during the industrial revolution?

Answer 23

• very dangerous
• due to the fact that you had to be small, women and children carried the coal along tunnels to the surface
• before 1842 Mines Act, children under 10 also worked

Question 24

Who were the Luddites?

Answer 24

The factories cost many craftworkers their jobs. In 1779, a man called Ned Ludd was known for breaking machines in a fit of rage. Weavers and other workers, who became known as Luddites, began destroying machines and said “Ned Ludd did it.”

Question 25

What were the mills and what did they process?

Answer 25

They were factories that processed raw materials such as sugar and cotton Children as young as 5 years old worked in the mills

Question 26

List 5 changes that occurred during the industrial revolution

Answer 26

- machines - factories - power and energy - mining - transportation

Question 27

What were the first machines invented for?

Answer 27

Manufacturing of woollen cloth from sheep's wool and cotton cloth from cotton grown on slave plantations

Question 28

What were the swing riots?

Answer 28

Threshing machines left people without jobs. 'Swing riots' were protests and resistance by farm labourers that spread all over southern England in 1830. The workers destroyed hundreds of threshing machines, with the leader of the protests using the name 'Captain Swing'

Question 29

How did the invention of machines lead to factories being built?

Answer 29

The machines were too big to fit into people's houses and therefore large buildings called factories had to be built. People had to leave their homes and go to a factory to work.

Question 30

How did the invention of machines lead to factories being built?

Answer 30

The machines were too big to fit into people's houses and therefore large buildings called factories had to be built. People had to leave their homes and go to a factory to work.

Question 31

What were the first machines made from and what powered them?

Answer 31

They were made from wood and some were powered by water

Question 32

What were the first machines made from and what powered them?

Answer 32

They were made from wood and some were powered by water

Question 33

When was the steam engine first invented?

Answer 33

Early 1700s

Question 34

Who improved the technology of the steam engine?

Answer 34

James Watt

Question 35

What was needed to boil water to make steam?

Answer 35

Coal and iron

Question 36

What was used to pump water out of mines?

Answer 36

Steak pumps

Question 37

How were goods transported to seaports before the industrial revolution?

Answer 37

They were transported along dirt roads by coaches and wagons pulled by horses

Question 38

What did John MacAdam invent?

Answer 38

'Tarmac' roads were invented, and by 1830, 1000s of new hard-surface roads had been built between the factory towns and seaports

Question 39

What did George Stephenson invent?

Answer 39

He developed the technology of the steam-powered engine so that it could travel along rails. In 1830, his steam engine called the Rocket pulled a train of wagons along a railway line. As railway travel became faster, trains became the main way unprocessed goods (eg. Coal, iron, cotton, sugar, manufactured goods) were transported