Industrial Revolution Flashcards
What is Pasteur’s Germ Theory?
1) There are microbes in the air that cause decay.
2) They are evenly spread.
3) Microbes can be killed by heating them.
What is spontaneous generation?
The belief that decaying matter like rotting food caused microbes.
This led to the belief that disease caused germs.
Who was Robert Koch?
1) He used agar jelly to create solid cultures, allowing him to breed lots of bacteria.
2) He used dyes to stain the bacteria so they were more visible under the microscope.
3) He used photography to record his findings.
4) He linked specific diseases to the particular microbe that caused them.
Who was Florence Nightingale?
1) She improved hospital hygiene and nursing standards during the Crimean war.
2) She ensured that the wards were clean and hygienic.
3) She ensured that the patients had clean water and were fed properly.
4) She decreased the hospital death rate from 42% to 2% in 2 years.
5) She used her fame to establish a Nursing School in London. Nurses were trained for 3 years before qualifying.
What are anaesthetics?
1) Anaesthetics solved the problem of pain - patients would often die from shock during surgery.
2) James Simpson discovered the effectiveness of chloroform as an anaesthetic. After Queen Victoria used it it became very popular.
What are antiseptics?
1) They are used to reduce infection.
2) Antiseptic methods kill germs near surgical wounds.
3) Joseph Lister discovered the use of carbolic acid as an antiseptic. The use of antiseptics reduced death rates from 50% to 15% in 6 years.
What is aseptic surgery?
1) Instruments are sterilised before use - usually with hot steam.
2) Theatre staff sterilise their hands before entering and wear sterile masks, gloves and hats.
3) The theatres are kept clean and are fed with sterile air.
How did John Snow stop cholera in London?
1) Snow suspected that cholera was waterborne but had no proof.
2) He convinced the council to remove the pump handle - this brought the cholera outbreak to an end.
3) He later discovered that waste from a nearby cesspit had been leaking into the pump’s water supply - proving that cholera was waterborne.
What was The Public Health Act 1875?
