Industrial Revolution Flashcards
Industrial Revolution
The greatly increased output of machine-made goods that began in England in the middle 1700s.
Industrialization
The process of developing machine production of goods. Factors of Production-The resources needed to produce goods and services that the industrial revolution required
Crop Rotation
One of the best developments by the scientific farmers. It improved upon older methods of crop rotation like the 3 field system. Example: 1st year-farmer plants a field w/ wheat, which exhausted soil nutrients. 2nd year- he plants a root crop like turnips to restore the nutrients. Could also be followed in turn by barley and then clover.
Entrepreneur
A person who organizes, manages, and takes on the risks of a business
Factories/Factory System
A new way of making products. It involved powered machinery, laborers, unskilled workers and a workplace.
Enclosures
Wealthy landowners cultivated these large fields
Urbanization
City building and the movement of people to cities
Middle Class
A social class made up of skilled workers, professionals, business people, and wealthy farmers
Steamboats
Transported people and goods along rivers throughout the country
Railroads
Railroads spurred industrial growth by giving manufacturers a cheap way to transport materials and finished products.
Assembly Line
A product/good that is produced by workers in an automated line. Interchangeable parts-Identical components that can be substituted one for another.
Telegraph
Samuel F.B. Morse first sent electrical signals over a telegraph.
Electric Battery
Invented by Alessandro Volta, it provided power for the telegraph and telephone industries.
Labor Unions
To press for reforms, workers joined together in voluntary labor associations. When workers demanded more rights and protection, they formed labor unions to increase their influence.
Socialism
The factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all.
