industrial revolution

Question 1

what was the industrial revolution?

Answer 1

industrialization: when machines took over the work that used to be done by hand

Question 2

during what years did the industrial revolution happen?

Answer 2

started early 1700s and ended 1800s.

Question 3

which was the first industry to change?

Answer 3

the textile industry

Question 4

what inventions changed the textile industry?

Answer 4

flying shuttle
spinning jenny
cotton gin

Question 5

what was the steam engine?

Answer 5

machines that could power factory machines. invented by james watt

Question 6

why did the iron demand grow?

Answer 6

because iron was needed to create the steam engine

Question 7

why did the steel industry grow suddenly?

Answer 7

because henry bessemer found a way to turn iron into steel and it was stronger than iron

Question 8

which inventions improved transport?

Answer 8

steamships (made river travel faster)

steam-powered trains (replaced animal-drawn carts)

Question 9

what invention improved communication?

Answer 9

the telegraph (quickly sent messages over long distances)

Question 10

what is the factory system?

Answer 10

when machines rapidly produce large quantities of goods at factories.

Question 11

how did advances in transportation improve the efficiency of the factory system?

Answer 11

trains and steamships brought raw materials to the factories and carried finished goods away

Question 12

what is laissez-faire?

Answer 12

it’s a “let things be” attitude on the part of government toward industry.

Question 13

who wanted the government to stay out of business matters, and why?

Answer 13

1- bankers
2- merchants
3- rich landowners

because they were funding industrialization

Question 14

when and where did industrialization start?

Answer 14

started in early 1700s in Britain, then spread to the US in the early 1800s. It would later spread to Western Europe.

Question 15

who developed a treatment to prevent smalpox?

Answer 15

Edward Jenner

Question 16

what did louis pasteur discover?

Answer 16

that bacteries cause disease and came up with a way to kill them.

Question 17

in what other areas were breakthroughs made?

Answer 17

geology and psychology

Question 18

what did scientists make discoveries on?

Answer 18

the structure of atoms

Question 19

what happened to workers whose jobs were taken by machines?

Answer 19

they had to move to the cities and took jobs in factories. cities grew quickly

Question 20

what were the worker’s conditions?

Answer 20

they worked long days, wages were poor, and women and children were paid less.

Question 21

how was it like to live in a city?

Answer 21

the air was always polluted, housing was poorly built, streets were filled with trash, and crime-rate increased.

Question 22

what is socialism?

Answer 22

a social system in which businessess are either owned by the workers or controlled by the government

Question 23

who was karl marx?

Answer 23

he led a revolution to bring down capitalism

Question 24

what were the middle and upper classes’ living conditions?

Answer 24

they had time to appreciate art more (read, museums, plays and concerts).

their jobs were better (manager, clerk, doctors, engineers, etc.)

Question 25

what were the two major art trends at the time?

Answer 25

realism and romanticism

Question 26

what is realism?

Answer 26

it tried to show everyday life as it really was

Question 27

what is romanticism?

Answer 27

emphasized beauty, nature, emotions, and simpler times