industrial revolution Flashcards
what was the industrial revolution?
industrialization: when machines took over the work that used to be done by hand
during what years did the industrial revolution happen?
started early 1700s and ended 1800s.
which was the first industry to change?
the textile industry
what inventions changed the textile industry?
flying shuttle
spinning jenny
cotton gin
what was the steam engine?
machines that could power factory machines. invented by james watt
why did the iron demand grow?
because iron was needed to create the steam engine
why did the steel industry grow suddenly?
because henry bessemer found a way to turn iron into steel and it was stronger than iron
which inventions improved transport?
steamships (made river travel faster)
steam-powered trains (replaced animal-drawn carts)
what invention improved communication?
the telegraph (quickly sent messages over long distances)
what is the factory system?
when machines rapidly produce large quantities of goods at factories.
how did advances in transportation improve the efficiency of the factory system?
trains and steamships brought raw materials to the factories and carried finished goods away
what is laissez-faire?
it’s a “let things be” attitude on the part of government toward industry.
who wanted the government to stay out of business matters, and why?
1- bankers
2- merchants
3- rich landowners
because they were funding industrialization
when and where did industrialization start?
started in early 1700s in Britain, then spread to the US in the early 1800s. It would later spread to Western Europe.
who developed a treatment to prevent smalpox?
Edward Jenner
what did louis pasteur discover?
that bacteries cause disease and came up with a way to kill them.
in what other areas were breakthroughs made?
geology and psychology
what did scientists make discoveries on?
the structure of atoms
what happened to workers whose jobs were taken by machines?
they had to move to the cities and took jobs in factories. cities grew quickly
what were the worker’s conditions?
they worked long days, wages were poor, and women and children were paid less.
how was it like to live in a city?
the air was always polluted, housing was poorly built, streets were filled with trash, and crime-rate increased.
what is socialism?
a social system in which businessess are either owned by the workers or controlled by the government
who was karl marx?
he led a revolution to bring down capitalism
what were the middle and upper classes’ living conditions?
they had time to appreciate art more (read, museums, plays and concerts).
their jobs were better (manager, clerk, doctors, engineers, etc.)
