Industrial Revolution Flashcards
When did the industrial revolution start?
1750
What was Britain prior to the industrial revolution?
An agricultural society
What happened after the Industrial Revolution?
- The population quadrupled (6.5 mill - 32.5 mill)
- Improved standards of living
- Declining death rate
- Moved from rural to urban areas
Why was Britain the start of the Industrial Revolution?
They had expanded their empire around the world plus they had great access to raw material
What was the first phase of Britain’s Empire expansion?
Establishing British colonies in North America and around the world - Covered 1/4 of the worlds population
What was the second phase of Britain’s Empire expension?
Conflicts in the 7th and 18th centuries.
What was the importance of Coal?
Britain had a large coal supply allowing them to fuel steam engines
What was the result of Britain’s expanding empires?
Wealth and Influece
What did Jethro Tull do?
He invented a mechanical seed drill
What did James Hargreaves do?
Created the Spinning Jenny - Spins 8 threads at once
What did Turnip Townshend do?
Created the 4 year crop rotation adding turnips and clovers as two of the crops
What did Robert Bakewell do?
Created selective breeding techniques - Fatter, Woolier and tastier
What did Joseph Foljambe do?
Created the Rotherham Plough
What were some improvements to transport?
- Roads and Bridges
- Railways
- Steam Engines
- Canals
Who invented the flying shuttle?
John Kay - Efficient weaving
Who invented the water frame?
Richard Arkwright - Produces strong yarn
Who invented Cromptons mule?
Samuel Crompton - Produce hundreds of yarn at once plus different types of yarn
Who invented the steam engine to pump water from mine?
Thomas Savery
What is a Factory?
Large buildings filled with machines for mass production of goods.
Why were children often employed in mines and factories?
Because they could be payed less.
What was the agricultural revolution?
An unexpected increase in agricultural production in Britain arising from increases in labour + land productivity
What are enclosure acts?
Enclosures acts were passed by the British Parliament during the Agricultural Revolution. These acts transferred areas of land to private landowners. These smaller areas of land were joined together to make big farms and were enclosed by hedges or stone walls.
Who invented Factories?
Richard Arkwright
Who invented Bridges?
Isambard Kingdom Brunel - Quicker transportation
