industrial revolution Flashcards

1
Q

agricultural revolution

A
changes in farming & crop rotation
people reframed how agriculture happened
enclosure of farms/land
crop rotation increased yield
risk of famine decreased
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2
Q

enclosure

A

forced people out of work

migration to cities in hopes of finding jobs

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3
Q

when did the first IR happen?

A

1760-1830

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4
Q

when did the second IR happen?

A

1860-1920

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5
Q

what new things came about as a result of the IR?

A

new materials (iron & steel), energy sources; including fuels and motive power (coal, steam engine, electricity), new inventions & machines (spinning jenny, power loom, cotton gin), factory systems; increased division of labor & specialization of function, transportation & communication (steamship, automobile, telegraph, radio)

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6
Q

why did Britain want to keep industry in England?

A

dominance (military), control, economy

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7
Q

why did the IR begin in Britain?

A

natural resources (colonies), labor (voluntary & involuntary; enslavement), capital = $$$, entrepreneurship

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8
Q

mass production

A

production of products in mass quantities using interchangeable parts and assembly lines

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9
Q

how did mass production benefit consumers and sellers, but detriment workers?

A

benefits for consumers: cheaper to buy, easy to access, more of it
benefits for sellers: cheaper to make, higher profit, more sales
detriments for workers: more work hours and lower pay bc low prices

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10
Q

what were some of the results of the IR?

A

improved way of life & life expectancy, more materials (for dominance; war), more job opportunities

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11
Q

what were class systems like in the IR?

A

rich stay rich, poor can’t move up

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12
Q

supply & demand

A

as demand increases, supply decreases and prices get higher

as supply increases, demand decreases and prices get lower

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13
Q

urbanization

A

growth of; cities grow & more ppl come to live in city!

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14
Q

corporation

A

a business owned by many investors

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15
Q

trust

A

a GROUP of corporations that unite to reduce competition and control prices in a business or industry

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16
Q

monopoly

A

one company that controls ALL production and sales of a particular product or service

17
Q

what happened to the cities during the IR?

A

they got CROWDED
more people; more protesting and push for social change
unfair working conditions as a result make problems more apparent

18
Q

labor unions/labor organizations/trade unions/worker’s union

A

organization formed by workers in a particular trade, industry, or company to improve pay, benefits, and/or working conditions thru collective bargaining

19
Q

what were the working conditions like during the IR?

A
UNFAIR! >:( 
working class suffered from low wages, high rent, and wage slavery
20
Q

what wars influenced the 2nd IR?

A
civil war (1861-1865)
ww1 (1914-1918)
21
Q

what are some details about the 2nd IR?

A

development and emphasis on synthetic products, machines, coal, steam, energy, textile industry

22
Q

how does the 2nd IR compare to the 1st IR?

A

improved and extended version of the 1st IR
expanded beyond Britain; other economies caught up and surpassed Britain
changes in transportation, electricity, communication, production

23
Q

what role did energy play in the IR?

A

new energies like steam made the IR possible! (ex; Watt’s steam-engine)

24
Q

globalization

A

businesses/organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale

25
Q

capitalism

A

an economic and political system in which a country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than the state

26
Q

plutocracy

A

government by wealthy

27
Q

wage slavery

A

person depends on wages; especially when wages are low and there is low chance moving up

28
Q

trusts and monopolies were broken up by Teddy Roosevelt with what law?

A

Sherman Anti-Trust Act