Industrial Pharmacy Practices

Question 1

Materials for construction can be classified into?

Answer 1

Non-metals and metals

Question 2

Non-metal materials for construction can be divided into?

Answer 2

Organic and inorganic

Question 3

Give examples of organic materials for construction

Answer 3

1. Rubber
2. Plastic

Question 4

Give examples of inorganic materials for construction

Answer 4

1. Glass
2. Glassed steel

Question 5

Metals for construction can be grouped into?

Answer 5

Ferrous and not ferrous

Question 6

Examples of ferrous metals for construction include:

Answer 6

1. Cast iron
2. Stainless steel
3. Carbon steel

Question 7

Examples of non-ferrous materials for construction include

Answer 7

Aluminum and lead

Question 8

Differing factors are considered before the purchase of equipment or materials for storage and construction

These factors can be broadly grouped into:

Answer 8

1. Chemical factors
2. Physical factors
3. Economic factors

Question 9

A poor choice of construction materials may lead to what (considering chemical factors)

Answer 9

Product Contamination & Materials Corrosion

Question 10

What does Iron contamination cause?

Answer 10

It can change the color of products (such as gelatin
capsules) and catalyze some reaction that can increase the
decomposition rate of the products.

Question 11

What does leaching of glass cause?

Answer 11

It can make the aqueous product alkaline. This
alkaline medium may catalyze the decomposition of the product.

Question 12

What heavy metal inactivates penicillin?

Answer 12

Lead

Question 13

Products can react with the construction material which can lead to
wear and tear due to prolonged contact with corrosive chemicals
such as?

Answer 13

strong acids, strong alkalis, powerful oxidizing agents, tannins

Question 14

List 8 Physical characteristics that are important in the choice of materials in industrial practice

Answer 14

a. Strength
b. Mass
c. Thermal conductivity
d. Thermal expansion
e. Ease of fabrication
f. Cleaning
g. Sterilization
h. Transparency

Question 15

A material must have sufficient physical strength to withstand the
pressure and stress involved in the manufacturing process.

List two metals that satisfy that criteria

Answer 15

Iron and steel

Question 16

What is the major downside to using glass?

Answer 16

Glass is strong and inert but it is fragile.

Question 17

Why is tin perfect for aerosols?

Answer 17

The aerosol container must withstand very high pressure, so tin
containers covered with some polymers (lacquered) are used

Question 18

Light weight materials such as
_______ are
used in the packaging of
pharmaceutical products

Answer 18

Plastic, aluminium and paper

Question 19

Materials with good thermal
conductivity are used as?

Answer 19

They are used in the
operation of evaporators,
dryers, magnetic stirrers,
water baths etc

Question 20

Give examples of materials with good thermal
conductivity

Answer 20

iron,
copper, aluminium or graphite
tubes

Question 21

Materials for production of parenterals must be able to withstand what temperature and pressure?

Answer 21

high
temperature (121C) and pressure (15 pounds per
square inch

Question 22

Define Pharmaceutical plant layout

Answer 22

A Pharmaceutical plant layout refers to the strategic floor plan of a
pharmaceutical manufacturing facility, which details the
arrangement of spaces, machinery and equipment to streamline
the production process and ensure the efficient flow of materials
and personnel.

Question 26

List 6 criteria the pharmaceutical manufacturing plant must meet

Answer 26

* Premises should be situated in an environment that presents minimal risk of causing contamination of materials or products. * The Plant should be designed to ensure the logical flow of materials and personnel. * It should be designed and equipped to afford maximum protection against the entry of insects or other animals. * Premises used for the manufacture of finished products should be suitably designed and constructed to facilitate good sanitation * Building and equipment construction materials are to be chosen to eliminate cross-contamination, ensure ease of cleaning and maintenance of suitable manufacturing environmental condition. * Building sections must be spacious enough for facilitate ease of movement and storage and good ventilation

Question 26

List the industrial plant areas:

Answer 26

* Production Area * Weighing area * Storage area * Quality Control Area * Ancilliary Area * Dedicated Area

Question 27

List 3 specifications for the production area

Answer 27

* Production areas should be well lit, particularly where visual on- line controls are carried out. * Production areas should be effectively ventilated, with air control facilities appropriate to the products handled, to the operations undertaken and to the external environment. * In-process controls may be carried out within the production area provided they do not pose any risk to production.