Industrial Microbiology

Question 1

is a branch of applied microbiology that involves the use of microorganisms for large-scale production of valuable products, including pharmaceuticals, enzymes, organic acids, biofuels, and fermented foods.

Answer 1

Industrial microbiology

Question 2

This field has revolutionized industries such as pharmaceuticals, agriculture, environmental management, and food production.

Answer 2

Industrial microbiology

Question 3

Microorganisms are harnessed in industrial settings to
produce high-value compounds in an ______,
______, and ________.

Answer 3

Industrial Microbiology; efficient, sustainable, and cost-effective manner

Question 4

Fermentation for making beer, wine, and bread (~5000 BC)

Answer 4

Ancient Times

Question 5

Louis Pasteur’s discovery of microbial
fermentation

Answer 5

19th Century

Question 6

Alexander Fleming’s discovery of penicillin (1928)

Answer 6

20th Century

Question 7

Use of genetically engineered microbes in
biotechnology

Answer 7

Modern Era

Question 8

Scope of Microbiology (10):

Answer 8

1. food microbiology
2. Medical and Pharmaceutical field
3. Vaccine and immunology
4. Agriculture field
5. Genetic engineering
6. Biochemistry and physiology
7. Industries
8. Geochemical application
9. Exomicrobiology
10. Ecology and environmental application

Question 9

Antibiotic: penicillin
Microbe: (?)

Answer 9

Penicillium
chrysogenum

Question 10

Antibiotic: tetracycline
Microbe: (?)

Answer 10

Streptomyces aureofaciens

Question 10

Antibiotic: streptomycin
Microbe: (?)

Answer 10

Streptomyces griseus

Question 11

Vaccine: recombinant hepatitis B vaccine
Microbe: (?)

Answer 11

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Question 12

Therapeutic protein: Insulin
Microbe: (?)

Answer 12

E. coli

Question 13

Product: Yogurt
Microbe: (?)

Answer 13

Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus

Question 14

Product: Beer
Microbe: (?)

Answer 14

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (via alcohol fermentation)

Question 15

Microbe for vinegar production?

Answer 15

Acetobacter aceti

Question 16

For nitrogen fixation in legumes

Answer 16

Rhizobium

Question 17

For growth promotion in cereals

Answer 17

Azospirillum

Question 18

Microbe that improves soil health

Answer 18

Pseudomonas fluorescens

Question 19

Biodegradation:
_______ used in oil spill cleanup.

Answer 19

Pseudomonas putida

Question 20

Bioremediation:
Heavy metal removal by ________.

Answer 20

Shewanella oneidensis

Question 21

Biofuels:
Ethanol from _______,
biodiesel from microalgae.

Answer 21

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Question 22

Product: Citric acid
Microbe: (?)

Answer 22

Aspergillus niger

Question 23

Product: Yogurt, Cheese
Microbe: (?)

Answer 23

Lactobacillus spp.

Question 24

Product: Proteases, Amylases Microbe: (?)

Answer 24

Bacillus subtilis

Question 25

Product: Acetone, Butanol Microbe: (?)

Answer 25

Clostridium acetobutylicum

Question 26

Product: Methane (Biogas) Microbe: (?)

Answer 26

Methanobacterium spp.

Question 27

Microorganisms grow in a closed system with a fixed amount of nutrients.

Answer 27

Batch Fermentation

Question 28

The process goes through lag, log, stationary, and decline phases.

Answer 28

Batch Fermentation

Question 29

Example: Penicillin production in a batch bioreactor.

Answer 29

Batch Fermentation

Question 30

Fresh nutrients are continuously supplied while the end product is removed.

Answer 30

Continuous Fermentation

Question 31

Allows for constant production without downtime.

Answer 31

Continuous Fermentation

Question 32

Example: Ethanol production using Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Answer 32

Continuous Fermentation

Question 33

A hybrid of batch and continuous methods where nutrients are added incrementally.

Answer 33

Fed-Batch Fermentation

Question 34

* Prevents substrate inhibition and enhances microbial productivity.

Answer 34

Fed-Batch Fermentation

Question 35

* Example: Insulin production in genetically engineered E. coli.

Answer 35

Fed-Batch Fermentation

Question 36

Used in enzyme and antibiotic production.

Answer 36

Stirred-Tank Bioreactor

Question 37

Common in single-cell protein production.

Answer 37

Air-Lift Bioreactor

Question 38

Utilized in bioethanol production.

Answer 38

Packed Bed Bioreactor

Question 39

Used for citric acid production.

Answer 39

Submerged Fermentation

Question 40

Applied in fungal enzyme production.

Answer 40

Solid-State Fermentation

Question 41

Antibiotic: Erythromycin Microbe: (?)

Answer 41

Saccharopolyspora erythraea

Question 42

Used in respiratory infections.

Answer 42

Erythromycin

Question 43

Penicillin

Answer 43

Used to treat bacterial infections.

Question 44

Enzyme: Amylases Microbe: (?)

Answer 44

Bacillus subtilis

Question 45

Enzyme: Proteases Microbe: (?)

Answer 45

Aspergillus spp.

Question 46

Used in starch breakdown.

Answer 46

Amylases

Question 47

Used in detergents.

Answer 47

Proteases

Question 48

Organic acid: Citric Acid Microbe: (?)

Answer 48

Aspergillus niger

Question 49

Organic acid: Lactic Acid Microbe: (?)

Answer 49

Lactobacillus spp.

Question 50

Stages of Downstream Processing

Answer 50

1. Cell Separation 2. Product Recovery 3. Purification 4. Drying & Packaging

Question 51

Filtration or centrifugation to separate cells

Answer 51

Cell Separation

Question 52

Solvent extraction for product isolation

Answer 52

Product Recovery

Question 53

Chromatography for high-purity products.

Answer 53

Purification

Question 54

Freeze-drying or spray-drying for storage.

Answer 54

Drying & Packaging