Industrial (Medicine Through Time 1750-1900)

Question 1

When was Germ Theory discovered?

Answer 1

1861

Question 2

What did Robert Koch use to identify bacteria?

Answer 2

Chemical dyes and powerful microscopes.

Question 3

Name one disease that Robert Koch identified?

Answer 3

TB 1882.
Cholera 1883.

Question 4

What did Koch’s discovery enable Pasteur to do?

Answer 4

Develop vaccines using weakened bacteria.

Question 5

What did Nightingale cut the death rate at Scutari hospital to?

Answer 5

42% - 2%.

Question 6

What did Simpson discover in 1847?

Answer 6

Chloroform.

Question 7

When did Lister develop carbolic acid as an antiseptic?

Answer 7

1867

Question 8

When did Jenner discover that cowpox could prevent smallpox?

Answer 8

1796

Question 9

When did the government make smallpox vaccination compulsory?

Answer 9

1852 and enforced after 1871

Question 10

When was the first outbreak of cholera?

Answer 10

1831

Question 11

Why was the first Public Health Act 1848 limited?

Answer 11

It was not compulsory, only optional

Question 12

What was the Great Stink (1858)?

Answer 12

Sewage in the River Thames smelt so bad that Parliament had to be closed down

Question 13

How many miles of sewers did Bazalgette build in London by 1866?

Answer 13

1300 miles

Question 14

What did the Public Health Act of 1875 state?

Answer 14

Local authorities had to provide sewers, fresh water, paved streets and drains

Question 15

What did John Snow discover in 1854?

Answer 15

Cholera was spread through dirty water. He proved this by removing the handle off the pump on Broad Street.

Question 16

Why did public health get worse during the 19th Century?

Answer 16

Because governments were not interested in making it compulsory for local councils to change and adapt (1848 Public Health Act - Voluntary)

Was only until the 1875 Public Act - forced to change.

Question 17

When did Chadwick publish his report into public health?

Answer 17

July 1842

Question 18

When did Nightingale publish “Notes on Nursing”.

Answer 18

1860

Question 19

What impact did the discovery of antiseptics have?

Answer 19

Lister’s carbolic spray reduced the death rate from 40% to 15%

It also led to aseptic surgery, ensuring the environment was sterilized.

Question 20

What problem in surgery was not resolved in the 1800s?

Answer 20

Transplanting organs

Blood Transfusions (Blood Loss)