Industrial Medicine Flashcards
What were the changes in travel in the industrial revolution?
The steam engine was invented
Less horses and walking
More boats
What was the biggest change in technology in the industrial revolution?
Factories relied on coal more than water.
Why were there changes in population in the industrial revolution?
No contraception was available
Moving to cities
What were the changes in society in the industrial revolution?
More crime in poorer areas
Asian people moved to the UK
Who developed the smallpox vaccination?
Edward Jenner
Why were the smallpox vaccines rejected at first?
-Anti Jenner propaganda was written by innoculators as it was a threat to their business
-Rumours it would turn people into cows
-The church believed this was against Gods will
What was inoculation?
Grinding up scabs from an infected person, and having them be inhaled by a healthy person, so they can catch the disease, and have a “milder” case.
When was the smallpox vaccine made mandatory?
1852
When did Jenner create the smallpox vaccine?
1798
What were two key causes of death in the 19th century?
Shock and infection
Who discovered anaesthetic (chloroform)?
James Simpson
What did James Simpson discover?
Anaesthetic (chloroform)
How did chloroform improve surgery?
-slowing down blood pressure, giving surgeons more time, so less death
-less death due to shock, as patients couldn’t feel the instruments
-more progress- riskier surgeries could happen, as there was a higher chance of survival
What were the issues with hospital staff such as nurses?
They weren’t respected, as the profession wasn’t
They were views as dirty or drunk
The staff was small and untrained
What were the issues with hospital treatment?
It wasn’t where people chose to be treated
There was more sanitation in their own homes, so the rich were treated there
What were the issues with hospital design?
Less sanitation
Less strict with infections- shared rooms with infected and healthy
No areas to wash hands
No changing clothes, or washing them
Cramped spaces- fast spread of infection
How did Florence nightingale improve hospital staff such as nurses?
She made a school to train nurses
Nurses became respectable, middle class women
The number and skill of nurses was increased
How did Florence nightingale improve hospital treatment?
Fresh clean air to breathe
Sterilisation of medical instruments
More focused nurses (not drunk) meant better treatment
How did Florence nightingale improve hospital design?
Pavillion style wards (separate wards)
Tiled floors
Painted walls
Easier to clean
Operating theatres
Specialist departments
What were some effects of Nightingales work?
38% lower death rate due to sanitation
Government funded public health reforms
Improved nursing reputation
More nursing schools
What were some symptoms of cholera?
Diahorrea
Dehydration
Blood thickened
How did snow investigate the broad street outbreak of cholera?
He noticed all of the infected got their water from the same pump.
He found this out by mapping out the pumps and where people got their water from.
What did Lister discover?
Antiseptics (carbolic acid)
Who discovered antiseptics?
Lister
