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Mechatronics and Robotics Basics > Industrial Electricity > Flashcards

Industrial Electricity Flashcards

Learn the basics of Industrial Electricity and gain a comprehensive understanding of concepts in preparation for the PMMI.

1
Q

(Mod 1)What is the difference between AC and DC power?

A

AC is Alternating Current, it comes in 1 and 3 phase, the current movement is in waves. DC is Direct Current and the current movement is linear.

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2
Q

(Mod 1)What are the different ways voltage can be produced?

A

electromagnetism, heat, light, chemical reaction, pressure and friction

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3
Q

(Mod 1)Which is the most efficient for generators and alternators, DC or AC? Why?

A

AC is most useful for this application because the regular constant changing of polarity make it easier to use for electromagnetic induction. DC can be used for electromagnetic induction but the static polarity makes it a more unstable and expensive process.

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4
Q

(Mod 1)What flows in a conductor to generate electromotive force?

A

Electrons flow under the influence of a power supply to generate electromotive force or voltage.

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5
Q

(Mod 1)What is a semiconductor?

A

A solid substance that has a conductivity between that of an insulator and that of most metals, either due to the addition of an impurity or because of temperature effects. Devices made of semiconductors, notably silicon, are essential components of most electronic circuits.

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6
Q

(Mod 1)What are the 4 components of an electrical circuit?

A

Input, Output , Conductor and Supply

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7
Q

(Mod 1)What are the 2 types of power supplies?

A

Constant Voltage and Constant Current

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8
Q

(Mod 1)What is a schematic?

A

A schematic is a visual shorthand method of representing components using standardized symbols, that show how they are wired together, or their electrical connectivity.

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9
Q

(Mod 1)If a circuit is open does it have connectivity?

A

No, a circuit must be closed to have connectivity.

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10
Q

(Mod 1)What is an operator?

A

An operator is a part of a switch that is pressed, pulled, or rotated by the individual operating the circuit.

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11
Q

(Mod 1)On a switch, what are the varieties that the contact block come with?

A

They come with N.O ( normally open), N.C (normally closed) blocks or they can have both.

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12
Q

(Mod 1)On a switch, what do the poles and throws refer to?

A

The poles refer to the operators and the throws refer to the contacts(or set of contacts).

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13
Q

(Mod 1)On a pushbutton, what is its’ category of switch when a spring returns it to the unoperated position?

A

It is a momentary switch.

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14
Q

(Mod 1)Resistors do what to the current flow?

A

Resistors limit the current flow. (Resist) current flowing through conductor to conductor.

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15
Q

(Mod 1)What is the function of a solenoid?

A

Solenoids create linear movement. When the current flows in the coil, a magnetic field is created and moves the armature.

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16
Q

(Mod 1)What is the function of a motor?

A

Motors create rotary or circular movement. When current is applied a magnetic field is created and turns the shaft as well as whatever is attached to the shaft.

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17
Q

(Mod 1)Loose valence electrons are also called what?

A

Loose electrons are also called free electrons because they are free to move throughout a conductor with minor encouragement from a power supply unlike a insulator which holds their electrons with much more force.

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18
Q

(Mod 1)When measuring AC is polarity observed? Why?

A

No, because the current and volatge are changing every cycle.

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19
Q

(Mod 1)When measuring DC is polarity observed?

A

Yes

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20
Q

(Mod 1)What is the definition of Ohms law?(not the equation)

A

Ohms law is the relationship between voltage current and resistance in a circuit. When resistance increases current decreases and vice versa.

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21
Q

(Mod 1)What happens to the current when resistance decreases?

A

The current increases.

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22
Q

(Mod 1)What is the equation for ohms law?

A

V=I*R, where V is Voltage, I is current, and R is resistance

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23
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24
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25
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26
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27
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28
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29
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30
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31
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32
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33
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34
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35
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36
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37
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38
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39
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40
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41
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42
Q

(Mod 3) In a SERIES circuit, what is the formula to find your total resistance?

A

Rt = R1+R2+R3…

43
Q

(Mod 3) In a SERIES circuit, you have 3 resisters. R1 is 30, R2 is 50, and R3 is 60. What is your resistance total?

A

140 (30+50+60)

44
Q

(Mod 3) What are the 3 equations for OHMS law.

A 
E = I x R
I = E/R
R = E/I
45
Q

(Mod 3) V = 12 I = 6 What is your resistance?

46
Q

(Mod 3) If voltage stays the same.

When resistance goes up, current goes?

47
Q

(Mod 3) If voltage stays the same.

when resistance goes down current goes?

48
Q

(Mod 3) In Kirchhoffs law the voltage drop across all resisters is equal to?

A

The source voltage

49
Q

(Mod 3) Power is measured in?

50
Q

(Mod 3) Power is the measure of the energy consumed by?

51
Q

(Mod 3) To find power, what formula do you use?

52
Q

(Mod 3) How does a fuse open a circuit

A

When the current flow exceeds the rating, the wire or foil strip melts & opens the circuits

53
Q

(Mod 3) How are circuit breakers triggered?

A

Thermally triggered –heat caused by current melts metal element

Magnetically triggered –current creates magnetic field that moves the switch

54
Q

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55
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56
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57
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58
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59
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60
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61
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62
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63
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64
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65
Q

(Mod 4)What is electromagnetism?

A

Electromagnetism is when a moving current though a conductor/wire creates a magnetic field. This force can move metal objects such as a armature in a solenoid.

66
Q

(Mod 4)What can strengthen a electromagnetic field in a wire?

A

The number of coils in the wire. Increase the number of coils and the electromagnetic field will get stronger.

67
Q

(Mod 4)What are 4 types of electromagnetic devices?

A

Motor, Solenoid, Buzzers, and Relays

68
Q

(Mod 4)What is Inductance?

A

Characteristic of electromagnetic devices that opposes a change in the current, and is measured in Henrys or milliHenrys.

69
Q

(Mod 4What is counter-emf , and when does it happen?

A

Counter-emf(electro-magnetic force) is the force created when current flows through a inductor and creates a voltage opposing the source voltage.It only occurs when the current is changing.

70
Q

(Mod 4)How do inductors act in AC circuits?

A

Since the current in AC is always changing,it is ALWAYS resisting the changing current. This effect is called inductive reactance and is measured in ohms.

71
Q

(Mod 4)What is the total series inductance formula?

A

Lt (total henrys) =L1+L2+L3…

Where Ln is a single load.

72
Q

(Mod 4)What is the total series inductance reactance formula?

A

Xlt (total inductive reactance) =Xl1+Xl2+Xl3….

Where Xln is a single load.

73
Q

(Mod 4)What is the total parallel inductance formula?

A

Lt (total henrys) =1/ (1/L1 + 1/L2 + 1/L3…)

Where Ln is a single load.

74
Q

(Mod 4)What is the total parallel inductance reactance formula?

A

Xlt (total inductive reactance) =1/ (1/Xl1 + 1/Xl2 + 1/Xl3….
Where Xln is a single load.

75
Q

(Mod 4)What is the inductive reactance formula?

A 
Xl = 2*pi*f*L
(L=inductance
f=AC frequency
pi=3.1416
Xl=inductive reactance)
76
Q

(Mod 4)What is the definition of capacitance? What is it measured in?

A

The measure of a devices ability to store an electrostatic charge, or energy. Measured in Farads or usually microFarads(uF).

77
Q

(Mod 4)What happens to a capacitor when a voltage is applied?

A

It charges until the voltage between the leads is equal to source voltage.

78
Q

(Mod 4)Where is the charge stored in a capacitor?

A

It is stored in a dielectric between the two metal plates that encapsulate the capacitor.

79
Q

(Mod 4)What are the 3 types of capacitor?

A

non-polarized(used in AC & DC), Polarized/Electrolytic(used in mostly DC), Variable

80
Q

(Mod 4)When dealing with capacitors, what should be done safely?

A

They should always be safely discharged, most larger capacitors have a bleeder resistor for this prupose.

81
Q

(Mod 4)What happens to capacitors in a DC circuit?

A

They can either charge to the level of the source voltage, or act as a open since the dielectric is a insulator, and the voltage is the same as the source.

82
Q

(Mod 4)What happens to capacitors in a AC circuit?

A

They continually charge and discharge making the cap power the load since the current cant flow through the dielectric.

83
Q

(Mod 4)What is the formula for capacitive reactance?

A 
Xc= 1/ 2*pi*f*C
(pi=3.1416
  f=AC frequency
  C=Capacitance(farads)
 Xc=Capacitive Reactance(ohms) )
84
Q

(Mod 4)What is the function of capacitors?

A

Capacitors are used as filters because they block dc voltage but allow ac to pass, as well as filters unwanted frequencies.

85
Q

(Mod 4)What is the total series capacitance formula?

A

Ct=1/ (1/C1 + 1/C3 + 1/C4…)

Ct=total Capacitance(farads)

86
Q

(Mod 4)What is the total series capacitive reactance formula?

A

Xtc=(Xc1 + Xc2 + Xc3…)

Xtc=total capacitive reactance(ohms)

87
Q

(Mod 4)What is the total parallel capacitance formula?

A

Ct=C1 + C3 + C4…)

Ct=total Capacitance(farads)

88
Q

(Mod 4)What is the total parallel capacitive reactance formula?

A

Xtc=1/ (1/Xc1 +1/ Xc2 + 1/Xc3…)

Xtc=total capacitive reactance(ohms)

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