Industrial Chemistry Flashcards
What Is A Chemical Reaction?
A chemical reaction produces a new substance, which is usually difficult to reverse.
What Is Rate?
The rate of a reaction is the measure of the amount of reactants being converted into products per unit time.
Using Particle Theory, How Can The Rate Of A Reaction Be Changed By Altering The Temperature?
The higher the temperature, the faster the reaction rate. This occurs because at higher temperatures, particles move faster, increasing the number of collisions per unit time, as well as the force of collisions. Both factors increase the likelihood of successful collisions per unit time, thus the reaction rate (and vice versa).
Using Particle Theory, How Can The Rate Of A Reaction Be Changed By Altering The Surface Area?
The greater the surface area, the faster the reaction rate. By increasing the surface area of a substance, more particles are made available for collisions per unit time. This increases the likelihood of successful collisions per unit time, thus the reaction rate (and vice versa). For example wood chips burn faster than thick logs as they have more contact with the air/ surface area.
Using Particle Theory, How Can The Rate Of A Reaction Be Changed By Altering The Concentration?
The higher the concentration of a reactant usually increases the reaction rate. This is because there are more particles, per unit volume, which means particles are closer together, increasing the number of collisions, per unit time. This increases the likelihood of successful collision per unit time and thus the reaction rate (and vice versa).
What Is The Effect Of A Catalyst On The Rate Of A Reaction?
A catalyst speeds up the reaction, without getting used up in the reaction itself. An enzyme is a biological catalyst that speeds up or slows down reactions without being used up in the reaction itself. For example. saliva breaks down starch into simpler sugars.
How Many Cells Are In A Galvanic Cell?
There are two half cells in a galvanic cell.
What Is The Metal In A Half Cell Called?
Each half-cell has a conducting electrode immersed in an electrolyte, where ions move.
What Is Each Electrode Connected To?
The electrodes are connected to a wire, where electrons move. This is called an electric current.
What Is The Electrolyte Connected To?
It’s connected to a salt bridge that completes the circuit by allowing ions to move.
What Is Oxidation?
Oxidation is the loss of electrons and occurs at the electrode, called the anode.
What Is Reduction?
Reduction is the gain of electrons and occurs at the electrode, called the cathode.
What Charge Does The Anode In The Galvanic Cell Have?
The anode is negatively charged.
What Charge Does The Cathode In The Galvanic Cell Have?
The cathode is positively charged.
Where Do Electrons Move To And From?
Electrons move in the external circuit from the anode to the cathode.
