Industrial Chemistry Flashcards
What temperature range should be maintained during the Dow process and why?
700-800 C, since melting point of MgCl2 is 714 and Mg is 650 C.
Uses of Mg
To produce strong, lightweight alloys.
To produce drugs like milk of Magnesia and antacids.
To prevent iron corrosion
To produce Grignard reagent
In the firework industry
Anode and cathode material used in the Dow process.
Anode - graphite.
Cathode - Steel
During the production of caustic soda, how is the brine solution purified?
By addition of Na2CO3 to ppt Ca,
NaOH to ppt Mg
BaCl2 to ppt SO42-
Raw materials required for soap production
NaOH or KOH, animal fat or plant oils.
Temperature maintained during the saponification step in soap production
70 C
How is water removed during the finishing stage?
Wet soap is sprayed into a low pressure zone as droplets at 120 C. The water absorbs heat to vaporize, therefore the temperature of the droplets decreases. Once the water vaporizes, the soap settles in the low pressure zone.
How is water removed during the finishing stage?
Wet soap is sprayed into a low pressure zone as droplets at 120 C. The water absorbs heat to vaporize, therefore the temperature of the droplets decreases. Once the water vaporizes, the soap settles in the low pressure zone.
Water percentage (w/w) in soap
12%
NaCl content in soap as w/w percentage.
0.5%
Important factors in membrane cell method
Current density and potential applied
Advantages of the solvey process of Na2CO3 production
- CaCO3 and NaCl are inexpensive and easy to find
- part of CO2 can be reused
- NH4Cl can be recycled to produce NH3 which is reused
Temperature and pressure maintained during haber process
450-500 C
250- 300 atm
Ostwald method of Nitric acid production - raw materials
NH3, water and O2 (atm air)
Temperature maintained during the Ostwald method
800 - 850 C
Pressure in the absorption chamber in the Ostwald Method
5-10 atm
Reason for removing dust and water vapor from atm air in Ostwald Method
To purify air - prevent settling of dust on the catalyst, which could reduce catalytic action
Ores containing Titanium and their main constituent compounds
Rutile - TiO2
Ilmenite - TiO2 and FeO
How is Ilmenite utilized to extract Ti?
First, FeO is removed via the sulphate process. then TiO % increases to 70%.
To dry coke and rutile, what temperature are they heated to?
200-300 C
For the contact process of H2SO4 production, how is sulphur obtained?
Sulphur extracted from Earth
SO2 produced as a byproduct during extraction of Cu,Zn and Pb from CuS, ZnS and PbS
As a byproduct from petroleum refininh
Raw materials for the contact process
Water and Sulphur.
How is natural vinegar formed?
By microbial activity on sweet toddy, leading to the oxidation of it.
Max composition of natural vinegar
48%
