Industrial Chemistry

Question 1

What temperature range should be maintained during the Dow process and why?

Answer 1

700-800 C, since melting point of MgCl2 is 714 and Mg is 650 C.

Question 2

Uses of Mg

Answer 2

To produce strong, lightweight alloys.
To produce drugs like milk of Magnesia and antacids.
To prevent iron corrosion
To produce Grignard reagent
In the firework industry

Question 3

Anode and cathode material used in the Dow process.

Answer 3

Anode - graphite.
Cathode - Steel

Question 4

During the production of caustic soda, how is the brine solution purified?

Answer 4

By addition of Na2CO3 to ppt Ca,
NaOH to ppt Mg
BaCl2 to ppt SO42-

Question 5

Raw materials required for soap production

Answer 5

NaOH or KOH, animal fat or plant oils.

Question 6

Temperature maintained during the saponification step in soap production

Answer 6

70 C

Question 7

How is water removed during the finishing stage?

Answer 7

Wet soap is sprayed into a low pressure zone as droplets at 120 C. The water absorbs heat to vaporize, therefore the temperature of the droplets decreases. Once the water vaporizes, the soap settles in the low pressure zone.

Question 8

How is water removed during the finishing stage?

Answer 8

Wet soap is sprayed into a low pressure zone as droplets at 120 C. The water absorbs heat to vaporize, therefore the temperature of the droplets decreases. Once the water vaporizes, the soap settles in the low pressure zone.

Question 9

Water percentage (w/w) in soap

Answer 9

12%

Question 10

NaCl content in soap as w/w percentage.

Answer 10

0.5%

Question 11

Important factors in membrane cell method

Answer 11

Current density and potential applied

Question 12

Advantages of the solvey process of Na2CO3 production

Answer 12

1. CaCO3 and NaCl are inexpensive and easy to find
2. part of CO2 can be reused
3. NH4Cl can be recycled to produce NH3 which is reused

Question 13

Temperature and pressure maintained during haber process

Answer 13

450-500 C
250- 300 atm

Question 14

Ostwald method of Nitric acid production - raw materials

Answer 14

NH3, water and O2 (atm air)

Question 15

Temperature maintained during the Ostwald method

Answer 15

800 - 850 C

Question 16

Pressure in the absorption chamber in the Ostwald Method

Answer 16

5-10 atm

Question 17

Reason for removing dust and water vapor from atm air in Ostwald Method

Answer 17

To purify air - prevent settling of dust on the catalyst, which could reduce catalytic action

Question 18

Ores containing Titanium and their main constituent compounds

Answer 18

Rutile - TiO2
Ilmenite - TiO2 and FeO

Question 19

How is Ilmenite utilized to extract Ti?

Answer 19

First, FeO is removed via the sulphate process. then TiO % increases to 70%.

Question 20

To dry coke and rutile, what temperature are they heated to?

Answer 20

200-300 C

Question 21

For the contact process of H2SO4 production, how is sulphur obtained?

Answer 21

Sulphur extracted from Earth
SO2 produced as a byproduct during extraction of Cu,Zn and Pb from CuS, ZnS and PbS
As a byproduct from petroleum refininh

Question 22

Raw materials for the contact process

Answer 22

Water and Sulphur.

Question 23

How is natural vinegar formed?

Answer 23

By microbial activity on sweet toddy, leading to the oxidation of it.

Question 24

Max composition of natural vinegar

Answer 24

48%

Question 25

How is ethanol made industrially?

Answer 25

Hydration of ethylene of fermentation of sugar or starch in substrates by yeast.

Question 26

Maximum composition of ethanol solution which has yeast.

Answer 26

12%

Question 27

What are other substrates apart from sweet toddy are used to produce ethanol?

Answer 27

fruits, rice, beet and potato

Question 28

What are some other compounds formed by different substrates apart from ethanol during fermentation?

Answer 28

esters, aldehydes and ketones