Industrial Causes of Disease and Treatments

Question 1

When did Cholera first arrive in Britain?

Answer 1

1831

Question 2

What did people believe caused disease in the industrial era?

Answer 2

Miasma

Spontaneous generation

Question 3

What were early remedies for cholera?

Answer 3

Burning clothes and bedding of dead
Praying
Cleaning the house
Smoking cigars
Using lucky charms 
 Bring barrels of tar/ vinegar 
Making special mixtures of liquids or pills

Question 4

How did Jenner discover a vaccine for small pox?

Answer 4

Noticed milk maids did not get small pox, instead they got cow pox which was less severe and meant they would not get small pox
He took pus from a milk maid and inserted it into an 8 year old boy
Later he gave him a dose of small pox and he did not contract it

Question 5

What were the problems with Jenners work?

Answer 5

The link only existed between small pox and cow pox
Jenner could not explain the link between the diseases
It was not always successful
Not made compulsory until 1852
Not enforced until 1872

Question 6

How did Jenner spread his ideas?

Answer 6

Published pamphlets so other scientists could check his work
Encouraged others to use his work
Jennerian society set up in 1802

Question 7

Why did some doctors oppose Jenner’s work?

Answer 7

They lost money as people no longer paid for inoculations

Question 8

Which international leaders were quick to adopt Jenner’s ideas?

Answer 8

Napoleon in France

President Jefferson in USA

Question 9

When did the World Health Organisation announce that small pox had been eradicated?

Answer 9

1979

Question 10

When did Pasteur publish germ theory?

Answer 10

1861

Question 11

What else did Pasteur discover?

Answer 11

A vaccine for chicken cholera

Question 12

Which microbes did Koch identify?

Answer 12

Anthrax
TB
Cholera

Question 13

How did Koch develop Pasteur’s work?

Answer 13

He found that you could dye specific bacteria so that they could be studied more easily under the microscope

Question 14

Why was John Hunter important?

Answer 14

Emphasised the importance of observation and experiment
Gave lectures on anatomy to help develop a more professional approach to medical training
Published several important works, including one about the changes that occurred in pregnancy

Question 15

Who was William Smellie?

Answer 15

Man- midwife

Treated poor women for free if his students could attend the birth

Question 16

Who was Elizabeth Garrett Anderson?

Answer 16

First qualified female doctor

Question 17

What was the significance of Florence Nightingale?

Answer 17

Her work was reported in newspapers
Established a school for nurses in 1860
Published Notes on Nursing which was translated into 11 languages
Influential in setting up training school for midwives

Question 18

What was the significance of Elizabeth Garrett Anderson?

Answer 18

1872 founded New Hospital for Women in London
1874 helped set up London School of Medicine for Women
1876 an Act of Parliament allowed women to enter medical professions

Question 19

When did the first cottage hospital open?

Answer 19

1859 in Sussex

Question 20

What was a cottage hospital?

Answer 20

Small hospital that provided nursing care

Question 21

By what year did most hospitals accept the need for antiseptic conditions?

Answer 21

1900

Question 22

When did Thomas Beecham start selling his pills?

Answer 22

1847

Question 23

When did regulation of doctors start by the government?

Answer 23

1858