Industrial and Post industrial Flashcards
What is the Industrial Revolution?
The increase of manufacturing industries and factories
What are some negative impacts of the Industrial Revolution on popular recreation and why?
Loss of rights - laws for violent games, lack of rights at work
Lack of leisure time - no time to play
Lack of income - need the money so have to work instead of play
Poor health - lack of energy/too ill to play
Lack of public provision - no space to play
What is urbanisation?
The movement of individuals from rural to urban areas
What are some positive impacts of the Industrial Revolution?
Wages gradually increased
Time off
Value of athleticism began to grow
Industrial patronage developed as factory teams grew
Became cheaper to travel
Emergence of middle-class
Increased health and hygiene
What did the Wenlock Games intend to do?
Promote the moral, physical and intellectual improvement of the inhabitants of the town and neighbourhood of Wenlock, especially the working classes
Develop Olympian class
What are some characteristics of the Wenlock Games?
Rules were written
Athletes came from all over the country
There were prizes and processions
‘Fun events’
What is rational recreation?
The development of sports with greater organisation, order and control
Sports become codified
What are some characteristics of rational recreation?
Rules
Leagues
NGBs
Less violent
Regular
Skill/tactics based
Purpose built facilities
Amateurism and professionalism
How did the transport revolution impact rational recreation?
Movement of teams and spectators
Improved access to different parts of the country
Cheaper train travel
How did communications impact rational recreation?
Newspapers/radios spread idea of rational recreation
Match reports
Sporting heroes and role models can be formed
How did public schools impact rational recreation?
‘Games ethic’ spread
Sport was seen as a way of instilling moral values into people
How did the church impact rational recreation?
Promoted sport as it encouraged ‘social control’ through civilised activities that diverted people away from less socially acceptable activities such as drinking and gambling
Church facilities provided venues for sports such as church halls and playing fields
Church organised teams, setup clubs and organised competitions
How did the middle class impact rational recreation?
Codification
Competitions
Public provision
Increased leisure time
Move to professionalism
How did the British Empire impact rational recreation?
Teachers - developed teams, taught sporting values
Factory owners - set up teams, increased leisure time
Clergy - developed teams
Diplomats - travelled and took sport
NGBs - codified sports and established leagues
Army officers - used sport with armed officers
How did public provision impact rational recreation?
Public baths - improved health and hygiene
Plunge pools developed for swimming/recreational use
How did NGBs impact rational recreation?
More teams/clubs formed
More national/international fixtures
Set up leagues and competitions
Nationally agreed rules - codification
What is muscular Christianity?
The church promoted Christian values, such as patriotic duty, discipline and self-sacrifice through the moral and physical aspects of athleticism
What is the amateur code?
The idea that sport is played for the love/fun of it
What is the professional code?
There is an emphasis on winning as the player competes for financial gain
What are some characteristics of gentleman amateurism?
Respected members of society
Social elite
High moral code in sport
Have wealth and time
High status (upper class)
What are some characteristics of working class professionalism?
Low status (lower class)
Sport was their job (financial gain)
Winning was valued
Gamesmanship and foul play
How did 19th century professionalism impact the development of sport?
Allowed people to train full time
Standards improved
Performance payments encouraged people to play better
Winning became critical and a winning ethic formed
Encouraged spectators
How do modern day amateurs compare to 19th century amateurs?
Modern day-
Amateurs are no longer looked up to
Amateurs play for the same morals
Amateurs are viewed as a lower status in sport
Amateurs can be from any background not just upper class
How do modern day professionals compare to 19th century professionals?
Modern day -
Professionals are now looked up to and respected
Professionals have higher standards of play
Professionals now earn more than average wages
Professionals are positive role models
Professionals can be from any class
