Industrial Flashcards
What century was the industrial period ?
1700-1900
What did the population of England rise to in industrial England?
40 million
Give two reasons for an increase in highway robbery
No banks, growth travel between isolated places gives opportunity, cheap handguns
Give two reasons for a decrease in highway robbery
Banks created,
GPs refuse licenses to pubs caught selling stolen goods,
Policing improved
Who was the most famous highway robber
Dick Turpin
Why does smuggling increase in industrial period?
More goods taxed,
Gangs ,
More opportunity
Who was the violent smuggling gang in industrial England?
Hawkhurst gang
Why was smuggling difficult to stop?
Social crime,
Open coastline difficult to catch smugglers
What laws were passed against poaching in industrial period?
Black act
What did the black act do?
Stopped people poaching in industrial England
Define the bloody code
225 crimes punishable by death
Why was the bloody code introduced?
Rising in crime,
Printing press ,
Rich were in charge of laws and had more property they wanted to protect ,
Traditional attitude that harsh punishment needed to deter
Why did the bloody code and
Didn’t deter,
Changing attitudes meant hanging for all crimes seem wrong ,
Public execution led to crime 
The invention of what meant information was spread more easily, meaning people found out about crimes
Printing press
Where were People transported to in the industrial period?
Australia
How many people were transported in industrial period
164,000
Give two reasons, transportation ended in 1864
Gold discovered in Australia,
Was expensive,
Prison preferred
How many people were in prison in 1770?
4000
Why did numbers in prison increase in industrial prisons?
Used more as other punishments ended,
Attitudes changed to believe punishment should reform
Give three problems with prisons in 1800
Dirty, warden is not paid, all criminals together, no doctors
Give two people who campaigned for changes to prisons in the industrial period
Elizabeth Fry and John Howard
Which Home Secretary created the police force and the goals act
Robert Peel
In what year was the first professional police force created?
1829
What force was set up by Henry and John Fielding
Bow street runners
Give two reasons why Britain got its first police force
Rising crime,
population increase,
board methods, didn’t work,
bow street runners successful
Give two changes, the goals act made
Clean prisons,
Separated prisoners,
Doctors,
Wardens paid
What was the name of the Proto type prison built in 1842
Pentonville
Describe the separate system
Prisoners kept separate all day,
No shared cells
What was the problem with separate system?
Caused mental illness
What was the silent system?
Prisoners not allowed to communicate or see each other
What act introduced hard labour into prisons in 1865
Prisons act
Give two examples of hard labour
Picking Oakham,
Crank,
Treadmill
