Indust. Biotech Flashcards
What three broad topics does IB focus on
Biomass, bio-processes and bio-products, inc bio energy
Long term aim?
Petroleum based industry to renewable resource based industry
Biotech is often divided in to what four types
Medical biotech, industrial biotech, agricultural biotech and marine biotech
Define genetics
Study of processes by which characteristics are inherited by passing on genetic material (genes)
Define IB
The rational design and construction of engineered biocats and multi-enzyme pathways
What is sustainability?
Maintaining the conditions under which humans and nature can exist in productive harmony. Fulfils the social, econ and other requirements of present and future gens
Which three elements are becoming scarce
Li, P and In
Name three enzymes
Protease, amylase, cellulase and lipase
What is recombinant DNA
When a specific foreign gene is inserted into a DNA sequence of a host organism so the enzyme or cell can exhibit the desired characteristics
What is the overall goal of IB?
Develop new bio-based tech to convert renewable raw materials to chemicals, materials and bio-energy
Natural selection relies on…
Organisms producing offspring that can survive.
Individuals very in characteristics.
Offspring inherit desirable characteristics
Define enzyme activity
Units per milligrans = U/mg. 1 unit = amount of enzyme the catalyses conversion under stand. cond.
Describe the production of whole cells
Obtain sample of desired microbial strain. Cultivate on solid phase in static incubator. Grow in liquid phase in shaking incubator. Enzyme of interest is in the mircoorg. Harvest cells in centrifuge.
Describe DNA technology
Organism selection. DNA isolation. Manipulation. Cloning. Insert into vector. Insert into host cell. Cultivate. Purify.
What is transcription
Reading of DNA to identify desired gene and using messenger RNA for translation
Describe translation
Using transfer RNA to translate genes into proteins
Whats a restriction enzyme
An enzyme that cuts at a specific sequence in the gene to create a restriction site
Whats DNA ligase
Used to join two restriction sites/sticky ends together
What is gene cloning
Selection and amplification of a particular gene from a mixed population (complete genome)
PCR - polymerase chain reaction
For amplifying and modifying DNA. Gene cloning.
Plasmid DNA
Extra chromosomal circular DNA that is easily manipulated.
Gene synthesis
Can be used if gene sequence is known
Transformation/electroporation
Reinitroduce plasmids and genes back into microbes
Electrophoresis
Separate and analyse protein and DNA mixtures
