Indust. Biotech

Question 1

What three broad topics does IB focus on

Answer 1

Biomass, bio-processes and bio-products, inc bio energy

Question 2

Long term aim?

Answer 2

Petroleum based industry to renewable resource based industry

Question 3

Biotech is often divided in to what four types

Answer 3

Medical biotech, industrial biotech, agricultural biotech and marine biotech

Question 4

Define genetics

Answer 4

Study of processes by which characteristics are inherited by passing on genetic material (genes)

Question 5

Define IB

Answer 5

The rational design and construction of engineered biocats and multi-enzyme pathways

Question 6

What is sustainability?

Answer 6

Maintaining the conditions under which humans and nature can exist in productive harmony. Fulfils the social, econ and other requirements of present and future gens

Question 7

Which three elements are becoming scarce

Answer 7

Li, P and In

Question 8

Name three enzymes

Answer 8

Protease, amylase, cellulase and lipase

Question 9

What is recombinant DNA

Answer 9

When a specific foreign gene is inserted into a DNA sequence of a host organism so the enzyme or cell can exhibit the desired characteristics

Question 10

What is the overall goal of IB?

Answer 10

Develop new bio-based tech to convert renewable raw materials to chemicals, materials and bio-energy

Question 11

Natural selection relies on…

Answer 11

Organisms producing offspring that can survive.
Individuals very in characteristics.
Offspring inherit desirable characteristics

Question 12

Define enzyme activity

Answer 12

Units per milligrans = U/mg. 1 unit = amount of enzyme the catalyses conversion under stand. cond.

Question 13

Describe the production of whole cells

Answer 13

Obtain sample of desired microbial strain. Cultivate on solid phase in static incubator. Grow in liquid phase in shaking incubator. Enzyme of interest is in the mircoorg. Harvest cells in centrifuge.

Question 14

Describe DNA technology

Answer 14

Organism selection. DNA isolation. Manipulation. Cloning. Insert into vector. Insert into host cell. Cultivate. Purify.

Question 15

What is transcription

Answer 15

Reading of DNA to identify desired gene and using messenger RNA for translation

Question 16

Describe translation

Answer 16

Using transfer RNA to translate genes into proteins

Question 17

Whats a restriction enzyme

Answer 17

An enzyme that cuts at a specific sequence in the gene to create a restriction site

Question 18

Whats DNA ligase

Answer 18

Used to join two restriction sites/sticky ends together

Question 19

What is gene cloning

Answer 19

Selection and amplification of a particular gene from a mixed population (complete genome)

Question 20

PCR - polymerase chain reaction

Answer 20

For amplifying and modifying DNA. Gene cloning.

Question 21

Plasmid DNA

Answer 21

Extra chromosomal circular DNA that is easily manipulated.

Question 22

Gene synthesis

Answer 22

Can be used if gene sequence is known

Question 23

Transformation/electroporation

Answer 23

Reinitroduce plasmids and genes back into microbes

Question 24

Electrophoresis

Answer 24

Separate and analyse protein and DNA mixtures

Question 25

Regioselective process

Answer 25

Only occurs and specific areas, eg only secondary OH not primary OH

Question 26

Kinetic resolution process

Answer 26

One enantiomer does not exist