Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

history > indus river > Flashcards

indus river Flashcards

1
Q

South Asia includes the modern nations of…

A

India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, and Bhutan.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

explain the geography of India

A

geographically isolated giant triangle within the larger continent of Asia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Water boundaries of India

A

-Arabian sea on the west coast
- Bay of Bengal on the east coast
- Indian ocean extends out on two sides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Mountain Boundaries in India

A

The Hindu Kush is to the northwest

  • The Himalayas (the highest mountains in the world) are to the northeast.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What was the Khyber Pass?

A

A pass through the Hindu Kush that invaders used

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What where the 2 great rivers in India?

A
  1. Indus River: flows down through the Hindu Kush and drains into the Arabian Sea
  2. Ganges River: flows around the Himalayas and spills into Bay of Bengal.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What were the northeast “winter” monsoons?

A

originate from the Himalayas
blow from November to March.
brings cool, dry air to the subcontinent.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What were the southwest “summer” monsoons?

A

originates from Indian Ocean
winds with moisture
causing rain to reach northeast India. excessive rain brings flooding that enriches the soil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Consequences of Monsoons:

A

Too much : drown villages and damage crop output
Too little: leaves villages with poor crop output and hunger and starvation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are plains?

A

areas of level land, usually at low elevation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are plateaus?

A

a flat area of land at a high elevation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what where the Hindustan plains?

A

-where India’s earliest civilizations arose
-watered by the Indus River and its 5 tributaries (known as the “Punjab”).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are tributaries?

A

smaller rivers that branch off a larger river.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does “Punjab” mean?

A

“Land of the Five Rivers.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What was The Deccan plateau and why did people settle there?

A

-Deccan means “the South.”
- rich in minerals; iron ore, diamonds, and gold.
*ppl settled there bc of minerals found there

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What allowed the Indus Valley Civilization to settle?

A

farming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Of the 150 cities to remain from the Indus Valley civilization, which 2 are the most famous?

A

Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa bc they were 400 mi apart but looked the same

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the 10 important similarities between the two cities?

A

(#1) buildings w exact same dimensions

(#2) grid patterns w right-angled streets and alleyways that led to homes.

(#3)indoor plumbing (FIRST IN THE WORLD) complex drainage that led
to city sewer.
*know plumbing was first in world here

(#4) both had citadels
- citadel: buildings where political elites met

(#5) granaries: served each city during times of famine.

(#6) flood protection: built upon 40-foot-high artificial mounds to protect from overflow of nearby rivers in Spring

(#7) standard system of weights and measures (16 rather than 10 was the base)

(#8) public bathing areas
- baths served a religious purpose for cleansing

(#9) uniform system of writing: 400 pictographic signs that aren’t fully deciphered.

(#10) archaeological evidence oftrade contacts with Mesopotamia(which was over 1,500 miles to the west of this area).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what were primary crops

A

wheat and barley

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

secondary crops

A

cotton, rice, rye, and peas.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What animals were used for food sources?

A

cattle, pigs, camels, horses, donkeys, and elephants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what evidence was there that they fished?

A

hooks lines and nets were found

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what were the chief metals?

A

copper, bronze used for tools

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What did scarcity of weapons uncover imply?

A

warfare was uncommon in the region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What religion did they serve in the indus civ?
hinduism
26
what examples are there that they served Hinduism?
figurines found in Indus valley, scholars concluded that the Harappan people worshipped a "female fertility deity," a common practice among many Hindus even today
27
What are the 3 key concepts of Hinduism?
(a) reincarnation, (b) law of karma (c) idea that salvation is freedom from cycle of repeated birth and death.
28
What is uniqe about Hinduism?
no known founder or date of orign
29
5 layers of the caste system
(#1) Brahmins (priests and scholars) - means "supreme deity" in Hindu. - could go anywhere (#2) Kshatriyas (warriors and ruling elite) -only ones Brahmins would talk to (#3) Vaishyas (artisans, merchants, etc..) - derived from word meaning "to live." - were often wealthy and educated. (#4) Shudras (farmers & laborers) - performed tasks of manual labor (#5) Dalit ("untouchables") - not considered human any food they touched was considered dirty and thrown out or given to dogs or cows - only allowed to associate with Shudras; always last to eat - must carry two sticks to hit together to announce arrival so that others could clear away to avoid contact/contamination.
30
What is the current state of the caste system in India? What laws were put in place?
IMPORTANT recent laws enacted against caste discrimination in Indian Constitution: - Article 15 enacted in 1950, prohibits any discrimination based on caste. - Article 17 declared any practice of untouchability as illegal
31
what very recent events illustrated great progress?
IMPORTANT!!! Dalits elected to high positions: - In 1997, India democratically elected Kocheril Narayanan, a Dalit, as the nation's President. - In 2009. Indian parliament elected Meira Kumar as a leading speaker of the parliament. She is first female to hold this role and she is from Dalit community.
32
In what areas does caste discrimination exist?
housing and marriage
33
What is the first explanation for the decline of the Indus Valley Civ.?
Explanation #1: "natural disaster" (i) volcanoes: huge mud volcanoes erupted at mouth of Indus River, leaving it unable to drain out to sea. - flooding possibly drowned out the farmland and the occupants. (ii) earthquakes: some historians also suggest demise via flooding, but with earthquakes rather than volcanoes causing the flooding.
34
What is the second explanation for the decline for the Indus Valley Civ.?
Explanation #2: Invaders attacked - archaeological support: the remains at Mohenjo-daro show large groups of skeletons huddled together in dwellings and on the streets of the city. (this could also have suported the natural disaster theory)
35
What does Steppe mean?
Grassland
36
The Mongols prided themselves in their skill on...
horseback
37
significance of the steppe
1. Served as a land trade route connecting east and west 2. Was home to nomadic Mongols who stole and conquered their neighbors
38
the mongols were pastoralists meaning...
they herded domesticated animals
39
they didnt wander they...
fallwed seaasonal patterns
40
What were the groups they traveled in called?
clans
41
What was the temperature like?
it changed dramatically
42
Relationship between Steppe Nomads and Settled Societies?
-Often peaceful trade -Nomads sometimes tempted by rich society -settled ppl were in constant fear of raids -nomads sometimes conquered whole civilizations (ex. China)
43
who was Genghis Khan and what did he do?
-Named Temujin -Unified Mongols -Led Mongols to conquer Asia -very violent and killed 40 million ppl -very organized -Organized armies into groups of 10,000 -Had good tactics and tricks when conquering
44
What does Genghis Khan mean?
universal ruler
45
how did he use cruelty
as a weapon
46
how did he die
illness
47
ending accomplishment of Genghis khan
Bc of him in under 50 yrs conquered china to Poland and created the largest unified land in history
48
How many horses did 1 rider have at a time?
up to 3
49
The riders could stay in the sattle for up to how many days?
10
50
They could cover up to how many miles a day?
120
51
If food and drinks was low what did the mongols do?
drank blood of horses
52
Why was the stirrup so important?
enabled warriors to move around on the horses
53
Why did they wear silk underwear?
bc arrows couldn't pierce it
54
After Ghengis Khan died who took over?
son and grandchildren
55
In 1250 they turned there attention to the country of...
persia
56
Mongols divided empire into 4 regions called...
khanates
57
Where was the Khanate of great khan?
mongolia and china
58
Where was Khanate of Chagatai?
central asia
59
Where was the Ilkhanate?
persia
60
Where was Khanate of the Golden Horde?
russia
61
did villages recover from being invaded
mostly not (bc the mongols ruined their irrigation system)
62
how did mongols act when ppl surrendered
-very peaceful -Didnt impose religion -Sometimes adopted culture of places (Ilkhanate and Khanate of the Golden Horde became muslim)
63
What was the Pax Mongolica?
"Mongol Peace" -From 1200-1300 the mongols had peace in Eurasia -Guaranteed peace for traders and travelers
64
what were yurts
tents they traveled in pulled by oxen
65
What was Women's responsibility in the camp?
-needs on the camp -some fought as warriors
66
What Chinese invention reached Europe in this time?
gunpowder
67
what plague spread
The bubonic plague
68
Why did ppl tend to move toward the west and the south?
bc more plentiful rainfall and climate
69
What were the mongols' clothes made of?
skins and wool
70
What did the Mongols exchange horses for?
grain metal cloth and tea
71
what was the term that Gandhi (non-violent 20th-century leader of Indian nationalism) later used for Dalit, saying it was wrong to call anyone "untouchable"?
"harijans"
72
What was the base number for weights and mesures?
16
73
What happened to Ghengis Khans dad?
he was poisened

history (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions