Induction Sequence Drugs Flashcards
Vasopressors Color
purple
Muscarinic Antagonist/Anticholinergic Color
green
paralytic color
bright orange/red
sedatives/benzos color
orange
opioids color
blue
local anesthetics color
grey
induction agents color
yellow
AChE inhibitor color
candy cane (red and white stripe)
phenylephrine original vial/concentration
1 mL vial, [10 mg/mL]
phenylephrine final concentration
[100 mcg/mL]
phenylephrine syringe size
10 mL syringe
phenylephrine dilution
Draw up 9 mL NS and add 1 ml [10mg/mL]. Take 1 mL of that mixture and dilute again with 9 mL NS for a final concentration of 100 mcg/mL
phenylephrine dose
0.5-1.5 mcg/kg
phenylephrine onset/DOA
onset = <1 min DOA = 15-20 min
phenylephrine clinical pearls
- alpha 1 agonist
- reflex bradycardia
ephedrine original vial/concentration
1 mL vial or 1 mL ampule, [50 mg/mL]
ephedrine final concentration
[5 mg/mL]
ephedrine syringe size
10 mL syringe
ephedrine dilution
draw up 9 mL NS and add 1 mL [50 mg/mL] for a final concentration of [5 mg/mL]
ephedrine dose
0.1-0.2 mg/kg
ephedrine onset/DOA
onset = seconds DOA = 10-60 min
ephedrine clinical pearls
- extended duration bc non-catecholamine (NT release and some alpha/beta AR receptor agonism)
- 10-25 mg IV for N/V associated with postural hypotension in PACU
atropine vial/concentration
1 mL vial of either [0.4 mg/mL] or [1 mg/mL]
atropine syringe size
3 mL syringe
atropine dose
0.01-0.03 mg/kg
atropine onset/DOA
onset = 45-60 sec DOA = 1-2 hours
atropine clinical pearls
- muscarinic antagonist, antisialagogue
- caution with closed angle glaucoma
succinylcholine vial/concentration
10 mL vial of [20 mg/mL]
succinylcholine syringe size
10 mL syringe
succinylcholine dose
1 mg/kg
succinylcholine onset/DOA
onset = 30-60 sec (paralyze larynx in 34 sec) DOA = 5-15 min
succinylcholine clinical pearls
- depolarizing NMBD
- potentiated by ketamine, Alzheimer’s meds
- contraindications - peds <5 yo, can increase potassium (increase 0.5 mEq/L/dose so caution in burns, abd infection, acidosis, parapledgia, muscular dystrophy, Guillian-Barre), MH risk, open eye injury, ICP issues
- liver disease, malnutrition can cause low PChEs
- Dibucaine # - >70 OK, 40-60 double DOA, <30 produces 4-8 hour block
Emergency Drugs Acronym
PEAS Phenylephrine Ephedrine Atropine Succinylcholine
rocuronium vial/concentration
5 mL vial of [10 mg/mL]
rocuronium syringe size
5 mL syringe
rocuronium dose
- 6 mg/kg
1. 2 mg/kg for RSI
rocuronium onset/DOA
onset = 2-3 min (1 min for RSI) DOA = 15-85 min (avg 35 min)
rocuronium clinical pearls
- steroidal NMBD
- caution in hepatorenal disease
- reverse with sugammadex (TOF >2 [2 mg/kg], TOF 1-2 [4 mg/kg], TOF 0 [8-16 mg/kg]) or neo/glyco
vecuronium vial
10 mg vial powder
vecuronium reconstitution
reconstitute with 10 mL NS
vecuronium final concentration
[1 mg/mL]
vecuronium syringe size
10 mL syringe
vecuronium dose
0.1 mg/kg
vecuronium onset/DOA
onset = 2-3 min DOA = 30-60 min
vecuronium clinical pearls
- steroidal NMBD
- caution in liver disease
- reverse with sugammadex (TOF >2 [2 mg/kg], TOF 1-2 [4 mg/kg], TOF 0 [8-16 mg/kg]) or neo/glyco
cisatracurium vial/concentration
5 mL vial or 10 mL vial of [2mg/mL]
cisatracurium syringe size
5 mL syringe
cisatracurium dose
0.1 mg/kg
cisatracurium onset/DOA
onset = 2 min DOA = 30-60 min
cisatracurium clinical pearls
- benzolisoquinolinium NMBD
- good for patients with hepatorenal disease
midazolam vial/concentration
- 2 mL vial of [1 mg/mL]
- 1 mL vial of [5 mg/mL]
midazolam syringe size
3 mL syringe
midazolam dose
0.02-0.04 mg/kg
midazolam onset/DOA
onset = 2 min DOA = 1-6 hours
midazolam clinical pearls
- benzodiazepine (GABA)
- PO (0.4-0.8 mg/kg) - good for peds 30 min before induction
fentanyl vial/concentration
2 mL or 5 mL vial of [50 mcg/mL]
fentanyl syringe size
5 mL syringe
fentanyl dose
1-3 mcg/kg
fentanyl onset/DOA
onset = 2-5 min DOA = 0.5-1 hour
fentanyl clinical pearls
- sole surgical anesthetic 50-150 mcg/kg
- marked synergism with propofol and midazolam
- reverse with naloxone 1-4 mcg/kg
lidocaine 2% vial/concentration
5 mL vial of [20 mg/mL]
lidocaine syringe size
5 mL syringe
lidocaine dose
1-1.5 mg/kg
lidocaine onset/DOA
onset = 45-90 sec DOA = 10-20 min
lidocaine clinical pearls
- max dose 500 mg or 7 mg/kg with epi or 5 mg/kg without epi
- lower dose for hepatic impairment
propofol vial/concentration
20 mL vial of [10 mg/mL]
propofol syringe size
20 mL syringe
propofol dose
1.5-2.5 mg/kg
propofol onset/DOA
onset = <40 sec DOA = 5-10 min
propofol clinical pearls
- Contraindications: lipid metabolism disorder, sulfite allergy for generic
- MAC: [25-100 mcg/kg/min], use in conjunction with anxiolytic and opioid
- TIVA: [100-300 mcg/kg/min] with remifentanil
- Careful with pts unable to compensate for low BP
etomidate vial/concentration
10 mL vial of [2 mg/mL]
etomidate syringe size
10 mL syringe
etomidate dose
0.2-0.4 mg/kg
etomidate onset/DOA
onset = 30-60 sec DOA = 3-10 min
etomidate clinical pearls
- Contraindications: porphyria, adrenocortical suppression, critically ill septic shock pts
- Bad for SSEPs
ketamine vial/concentration
- 5 mL vial of [100 mg/mL]
- 10 mL vial of [50 mg/mL]
ketamine syringe size
5 or 10 mL syringe
ketamine dose
1-2.5 mg/kg
ketamine onset/DOA
onset = 30 sec DOA = 5-15 min
ketamine clinical pearls
- NDMA antagonist
- IM dart: [4-8 mg/kg]. PO: [10 mg/kg]. Multimodal pain: [0.5-1 mg/kg]
- Contraindications: TBIs/ICP issues, cardiac disease (R-HF), eye injuries/procedures, schizophrenia, PTSD
- Emergence delirium, lots of spit (laryngospasm!)
- ↑IOP, ICP, BP/HR/SVR
- Potentiates succinylcholine (PChE inhibition) and roc
neostigmine syringe/concentration
3 mL syringe of 1mg/mL
neostigmine dose
40-80 mcg/kg (max 6 mg)
0.04-0.08 mg/kg
neostigmine onset/DOA
onset = <3 min DOA = 40-60 min
neostigmine clinical pearls
- Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
- PONV risk >2.5 mg
glycopyrrolate syringe/concentration
1 or 2 mL syringe of [0.2 mg/mL]
glycopyrrolate dose
0.01 mg/kg
Antisialogogue 0.1-0.2mg
glycopyrrolate onset/DOA
onset = <1 min DOA = 2-4 hours
glycopyrrolate clinical pearls
- muscarinic antagonist, antisialagogue
- caution with closed angle glaucoma
- use with neostigmine for non-depolarizing NMBD reversal