Individuals shaping Imperialism before ww1

Question 1

What explorers had influence?

Answer 1

-David Livingstone
-John Kirk
-Sir Richard Burton
-John Hanning Speke

Question 2

What did David Livingstone do?

Answer 2

-Travelled as missionary doctor in South Africa 1841
-Returned to Britain to huge acclaim in 1856 conducting lectures and recounting findings
-“I go back to Africa to open up a path for commerce and Christianity” ->Began an exploration along coast of Zambesi river in 1858
-Wrote over 2000 letters back to Britain, thrilling public
-1866 went missing, found living in a small village 1871, died in 1873

Question 3

What did John Kirk do?

Answer 3

-Scottish physician, explored waterways with Livingstone, collected aquatic specimens and sent back to Britian
-Returned to Africa in 1868 as medical officer in Zanzibar, lived out rest of career until 1886 as a diplomat
-Ensured Zanzibar operates as a British Client State

Question 4

What did Sir Richard Burton do?

Answer 4

-Linguistic scholar, explorer and adventurer who became famous in the 1850s for his stories of Muslim life and manners
-Took an expedition inland from island of Zanzibar in 1857 to 1858, forced by Malaria to abandon
-Him and Speke quarreled and he spent his final years publishing 43 volumes with 5 books on West African customs
-Wild and dangerous reputation for daring essays on sexual topics

Question 5

What did John Hanning Speke do?

Answer 5

-Joined Burton in his quest to find source of the Nile in 1857
-First Europeans to reach Lake Tanganyika 1858
-1858 named a great lake Lake Victoria
-His conclusions of the lake sourcing the Nile rejected by Burton
-Speke killed by his own gun while hunting

Question 6

What are 5 types of missionaries?

Answer 6

-Anglicans
-Roman Catholics
-Non-conformist
-Presbyterians
-Methodists

Question 7

What are Anglicans?

Answer 7

Members of protestant church of england - Monarch at its head

Question 8

What are Roman Catholics?

Answer 8

Those who believed the pope to be head of the christian church, didn’t accept anglicanism

Question 9

What are non-conformists?

Answer 9

Members of protestant church which acts independently from church of England (This is Presbyterians or Methodists)

Question 10

What are Presbyterians?

Answer 10

Protestant non-conformist denomination of Christianity, derived from Calvanist ideas of a Church which preferred simple services - no bishops (strong in scotland)

Question 11

What are methodists?

Answer 11

Protestant non-conformists who have ideas based on work of Charles and John Wesley, share similar views with Presbyterians

Question 12

What were missionaries attitudes in this time period?

Answer 12

-They were extremely active overseas in the 19th century
-This movement represented a distinct “Christian Imperialism”
-Shared a common conviction that world-wide conversion was possible and essential

Question 13

Name a few missionaries…

Answer 13

-John Mackenzie
-Mary Slessor
-Mary Carpenter
-Amy Carmichael
-Samuel Crowther

Question 14

What did John Mackenzie do?

Answer 14

In 1883 he put pressure on the British Government to establish a protectorate over Bechanualand, after this happened he was appointed Deputy Commissioner

Question 15

What did Mary Slessor do?

Answer 15

She left the slums of Dundee to live among tribes of Calabar in Nigeria, she fought hard to end practise of killing twins which local tribes attributed to work of the devil

Question 16

What two other previously learned missionaries could be talked about?

Answer 16

Amy Carmichael and Mary Carpenter

Question 17

What did Samuel Crowther do?

Answer 17

In 1880s clashed with Christian Missionary Society for accusations of being too relaxed towards tribal practises, he was foreced to resign from position as bishop in Church of England in 1891

Question 18

Who were traders in this time period?

Answer 18

-Cecil Rhodes
-Sir William Mackinnon
-George Goldie

Question 19

What did Cecil Rhodes do?

Answer 19

-Prime mover behind British expansion in South Africa
-At 18 set out for diamond fields of Kimberley, for next 17 years borrowed money from Rothschilds Bank and brough up all smaller diamond mining operations in Kimberley
-Created de beers, in 1888 he owned 90% of global diamond production
-Appointed PM of Cape Colony 1890-1896

Question 20

What quotes did Cecil Rhodes make?

Answer 20

“furtherance of the British Empire and bringing of the whole of the uncivilised world under British rule”
“I contend that we are the finest race in the world and the more we inhabit, the better it is for the human race”

Question 21

What did Sir William Mackinson do?

Answer 21

-Founded Calcutta and Burma Steam Navigation 1856
-Founded Imperial British East Africa Company, receiving royal charter 1888
-Found free church of Scotland East African Scottish Mission in Kibwezi 1891