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Medieval History > Individuals And Groups > Flashcards

Individuals And Groups Flashcards

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1
Q

F.L Ganshof on feudalism

A
  1. Personal dependence on society
  2. Subdivision of rights of real property
  3. Graded system of rights over land, correspondence to grades of personal dependence
  4. Dispersal of political authority among hierarchy of individual who exercised in own interest
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2
Q

Mary Bloch on feudalism

A
  • feudal society as a feudal age

- political military structure made age feudal

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3
Q

Lynn White on horseback Calvary

A
  • introduction of stirrup from Asia in 8th century
  • without stirrup, cavalry was useless as one on one
  • stronger horses also more important
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4
Q

Louis the Pious

A
  • Succeeded Charlemagne
  • preceded Lothair I
  • tried to convert Scandinavians to Christianity peacefully
  • Dethroned in 833
  • coronation by Pope Stephen V in Rhins
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5
Q

Alfred the Great

A
  • king of England
  • 878-885
  • defeated Vikings, took back territory
  • strong believer in religion, and education
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6
Q

Alcuin of York

A
  • Churchman of England
  • social, influential, not creative, assisted in gathering doctrines of past, “human dictionary”
  • used bible rhetoric to argue
  • ecclesiastical lord of 20 000 monks
  • member of palace school
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7
Q

Diocletian

A
  • empower of Western Anatolia
  • Tetrarchy
  • 284-305
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8
Q

Constantine

A
  • capital of Roman Empire to Constantinople in 330 AD
  • eliminated other members of Tetrarchy
  • freedom of worship for Christians and other minorities
  • gave palace to roman bishop
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9
Q

St.Ambrose

A
  • 339-397
  • ancient traditions important
  • Bishop of Milan
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10
Q

St.Anthony

A
  • 251-356
  • withdrew into Egyptian desert
  • austere life
  • attracted disciples
  • biography very important
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11
Q

St.Athanasias

A
  • 296-373

- wrote Life of St.Anthony, the example of hagiography

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12
Q

St.Pachomius

A
  • 286-346
  • concerned with poor
  • Cenobitic lifestyle
  • rule of Pachomius to govern cenobites
    • no free will
  • Abbott head of monastery
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13
Q

St.Jerome

A
  • 342-420
  • translated bible to Latin from Greek
  • pilgrimage to Bethlehem, nuns accompanied
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14
Q

St.Basil

A
  • 330-379
  • of Caesarea
  • promoter of cenobitic lifestyle
  • ascetic guide
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15
Q

St.Simeon the elder

A
  • 389-459
  • stylite
  • lived at top of column for 30 years near Antioch
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16
Q

John Cassian

A
  • 360-435
  • “Institutes and Conferences”
  • described monks of desert, lived with them for 15 years
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17
Q

St.Benedict

A
  • 480-543

- Rule of St Benedict

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18
Q

Pope Gregory the Great

A
  • 590-604
  • sent St.Augustine of Canterbury to England
  • Gregorian chant
  • biography written by St Benedict Biscop
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19
Q

Justinian

A
  • Corpus Iuris Civilis (The Digest)
    • law code
  • husband of Theodora
  • took Carthage back
  • built Hagia Sophia
  • reigned 527-565
  • nephew of predecessor Justin
  • Renovatio Imperii
  • Nika Riots
  • repealed laws prohibiting marriage outside aristocracy
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20
Q

Theodora

A
  • wife of Justinian
  • rumoured hooker
  • convinced Justinian not to flee after Nika riots
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21
Q

Flavius Belisarius

A
  • 505-565
  • general for Justinian
  • won back Carthage, North Africa, Sicily, Rome, Naples
  • Ostrogoths offered emperorship of Ravenna, he then took back the city
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22
Q

Narses

A
  • uniq
  • mentored by Theodora
  • general in charge of army
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23
Q

Procopius

A
  • wrote biographies of Theodora and Justinian

- good and bad versions of view

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24
Q

Theodosius I

A
  • settled Osteogoths in Carpathian Basin in 380

- built western wall of Constantinople in 4th century

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25
Q

Theodoric

A
  • elected to command western provinces by Ostrogoths in 471
  • 488 sent to Odoacer of Skirs as master of army by Emperor Zeno
  • camped out for 17 years, then cut Odoacer in half
  • first German ruler of Italy acknowledged by Constantinople
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26
Q

Emperor Zeno

A
  • predecessor of Anastasius

- eastern Emperor

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27
Q

Odoacer the Hun

A
  • deposed last Roman emperor Romulus Augustus in Ravenna
    • angered Byzantines
  • killed by Theoderic
28
Q

Alaric

A
  • King of the Visigoths in 378
  • chieftain of Arian race
  • ravaged Greece and islands
  • sacked Rome August 24, 410, but both churches
  • took Emperor’s daughter, Galla Placidia who was married to Ataulf
29
Q

Athaulf

A
  • successor of Alaric

- married to Galla Placidia in 411

30
Q

Wallia

A
  • successor of Athualf
  • returned Galla Placidia
  • chased out Vandals, Sueves, and Alans out of France and Iberian Peninsula
  • allowed to settle in southern France
31
Q

Clovis

A
  • leader of Franks
  • defeated Visigoths
  • converted from paganism to orthodox Christianity
  • married Burgundian princess
  • first of the Merovingians
  • died 511, divided territory among sons
32
Q

Chlotar I

A
  • youngest son of Clovis
  • left in sole possession of empire in 558
  • died in 561
33
Q

Guntram

A
  • son of Chlotar

- ruled with brothers, Chilperic and Sigibert

34
Q

Chilperic I

A
  • given sister in law, Brunhild’s, sister, Galswintha
    • abandons her and then she’s found strangled
  • blood feud with Sigibert
  • married mistress, Fredegund
  • murdered 587
35
Q

Sigibert

A
  • married to Brunhild, daughter of Visigoth
  • blood feud with brother, Chilperic
  • murdered by 2 slaves, sent by brothers mistress, Fredegund
36
Q

Brunhild

A
  • Visigoth, married to Sigibert
  • sister of Galswintha
  • regent of son, Childebert II
  • diplomatic, political
  • outlived sons, grandsons
  • died 613
  • captured and tortured
37
Q

Fredegund

A
  • mistress, then wife of Chilperic

- ordered death of Sigibert

38
Q

Chlotar II

A
  • son of Chilperic and Fredegund
  • succeeded Brunhild
  • succeeded by son Dagoberr II
39
Q

Dagobert I

A
  • successor of Chlotar II
  • king of Austrasia
  • combined Frankish land
  • 629-639
40
Q

Charles Martel

A
  • mayor of Austrasia in 717
  • stopped Islamic invasion of France
  • defeats Saxons in 738
  • sent Boniface to convert Saxons
  • redistributes land to church
  • succeeded by Pepin the Short
  • defeated last Merovingian magnate, Eudo of Aquitaine
41
Q

Pepin II

A

-mayor of Neustria, Austrasia, and Burgundy in 687

42
Q

Pepin the Short

A
  • brother of Carloman who joined a monastery in 747
  • son of Charles Martel
  • deposed last Merovingian King, Childeric III
  • Pope Zacharias authorized kingship
  • war on Lombards
  • died 768, empire left to Carloman and Charlemagne
43
Q

Carloman

A
  • brother of Pepin the short
  • joined monastery
  • called Boniface to convert East
44
Q

Carloman II

A
  • younger brother of Charlemagne
  • less territory
  • died 771, unknown circumstances
45
Q

Charlemagne

A
  • second ruler of Carolingian
  • defeat Lombards in 774
  • wants to convert border pagans
  • massacred Saxons at Verden in 782
  • defeats Avars 791-796
  • protector of Christendom
  • capital at Aachen
  • Holy Roman Emperor 800, by Pope Leo III
  • populous Romanus

-Kings peace

46
Q

St.Boniface

A
  • convert Saxons
  • convert East
  • authored grammar book and poetry manual
  • England
  • source of education north of Rome
47
Q

Einhard

A
  • Charlemagnes biographer

- under Louis the Pious

48
Q

Theodulf

A
  • Bishop of Orleans
  • 798-818
  • theologian
49
Q

Pope Hadrian

A
  • text of ecclesiastical laws
    -774
    -
50
Q

Dionysus Exiguus

A
  • canon law and ecclesiastical chronology
    • 6th century
  • made law in 802
51
Q

Count Odo of Paris

A

-defends Paris from Vikings in 887

52
Q

Pope Stephen V

A
  • threatened by Lombard King

- gives Pepin Patrious Romanus

53
Q

Rollo

A
  • made deal with King of France to settle Vikings

- Viking chief

54
Q

Canute

A
  • Danish King
  • adopted Christianity
  • 11th century
  • legal system
55
Q

Attila the Hun

A
  • eastern warrior

- died of nosebleed

56
Q

Huns

A
  • 4th century
  • defeated by Chinese
  • Eastern Asia
  • moved west gaining tribes
    - including Scandinavians
  • nomads
  • pushed people’s on Roman borders, asked to cross border
  • no writing
57
Q

Ostrogoths

A

-pressured by Huns in 4th century
-move into Byzantine
-defeated by Byzantines at Adrianople in 358
- joined with Visigoths
-into Italian peninsula in 471
-

58
Q

Visigoths

A
  • sack Rome in 410
  • reach Rhine in 200BC
  • through France, into Spain, take over North Africa
  • converted to Arian Christian
  • defeated by Franks under Clovis in 496
59
Q

Vandals

A
  • Poland in 1st century
  • two groups Asdings & Silings
  • joined with Alans and converted into Roman army
  • in Spain in 408
  • Byzantium settles them in 410 in Iberian
  • attacked by Visigoths, under Wallia, in 416
  • 429 vandal King Gaiseric to straits of Gibraltar, take Carthage in 433
  • 442 Vandals independent kingdom in North Africa
  • naval attacks Rome in 455
60
Q

Lombards

A
  • into Carpathian Basin
  • cross Rhine
  • join with Hungarian Avars and Magyars
  • destroy Gepids
  • 568 join with Gepids
  • into Italy
  • Milan 569 capital of Lombards under Alboin
  • defeated by Charlemagne
61
Q

Hungarian Magyar

A
  • settled in Europe in 955
  • Roman Catholic in 1000
    - Hungarian King Steven, then followers
  • northwest and southwest
  • destroyed Slavs
  • extended until meet Muslims in Italy
62
Q

Swedes

A
  • east to Ukraine and west Russia

- into Black Sea through Russia

63
Q

Vikings

A
  • south into Europe
  • conquered from Iceland, Greenland, Newfoundland
  • art of war
    - raid every year
    - attack monasteries
  • war leaders or kings attract great warriors
  • no primo geniture
  • Lindisfarne attacked in 793
  • Jaro attacked in 794
  • Iona attacked in 802/806
  • invaded Ireland 800-850
    - Irish monasticism ruined
  • 835 Danes attacked North England
  • Northumbria destroyed in 867
64
Q

Muslims

A
  • 711 Muslims take over Iberian Peninsula
  • defeated by Charles Martel in France in 732
  • 827 in Sicily
65
Q

Tacitus on Germanic Retainers

A

Comitatas- young men of good family, pledge allegiance to good warriors. Germanic retainers companions, not servants, of aristocracy, fewer in number, treated with distinction, and had more influence

Medieval History (2 decks)

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