Individuals Flashcards
Irj 1500bc
Doctor to the Pharaoh
Palace doctor
(Mummification such as Tutankhamen)
Hippocrates
Ancient Greece 460bc
4 humours
Hippocrates oath
Observation and logic
Books on treatment
Aristotle 384 bc
Taught Alexander the Great
Earliest form of logic
Idea of philosophy
Ascelpious
Fed/washed/gymnasiums
Daughters hygiea and Pangea
Snakes would lick and heal your wounds
Roger Bacon 1219 ad
Friar
English
Questioned religious authority of church
Nature directed his thoughts about medicine
Major book (opus makes)
Paracelsus 1493 ad
Questioned Galens ideas
Founder of toxicology
Observation
Noticed some diseases are psychological
Galen 129 AD
Greek but lived in the roman era
Pig experiment (brain controlled the body not the heart)
Wrote 60 books, huge influence
Ideas about anatomy
Theory of opposites (if you have a Cold Eat a chilli pepper)
Inn sinna 980-1037
Muslim
Known as Avicenna
40 books on medicine
Most famous book (canon of Medicine)
Al Razi 852
Compassionate teacher
Physician in Bahgdad
Book about measles and smallpox - discovered the difference
Book on “surgery”
Arabic medieval times
Crusades meant they could get some knowledge
Ibn al Nafis
Disagreed with Galen about the circulation of the blood
Came up with an idea about circulation of blood (before Harvey)
110 Medical books
Ambroise Pare
1510
Ointment to put on wounds instead of cauterising
War surgeon in France
Soldiers healed more quickly
Successful surgery
Ligiertures very rarely clean( successful later when clean thread was around)
Andreas Vesalius 1514
Studied in Paris and Italy Anatomy Da Vinci drew his discoveries Dissecting Professor of surgery in Italy Book "fabric of the human body" Proved Galen wrong - proved there wasn't a hole in the heart
William Harvey 1578
Followed Ibn Al Nafis ideas on blood circulation
Book “motion of the heart”
Couldn’t prove that arteries & veins were joined because they didn’t have good enough telescopes
Lady Grace Milway 1552
Expected to provide good medical care
Richard Wiseman 1622
Surgeon to Charles 2
Wrote some books on surgery
Referred to Hippocrates and Galen
Florey and chain ww2
Learned how to mass produce PENICILLIN
Halsted 1852
Medicine
Invented the residency training system in the US
Surgical rubber gloves
Emphasised strict aseptic technique
James Young Simpson
1811
Obstetrician - delivered babies
Chloroform - used for childbirth
Stopped pain in surgery and childbirth
Mcindoes 1900
First plastic surgery
In New Zealand
During ww11
Improved treatment of badly burned aircrew
Jospeh lister 1883
Aeseptic &a antiseptic surgery
Carbolic spray /but hands itched
Improved surgery/ safer
First antiseptic
Louis Pasteur
First germ theory Flasks- microbes are causing decaying matter Proved spontaneous generations wrong Prevent spread of disease Sheep and anthrax
Barnard 1967
South African surgeon
Performed the first heart surgery
/transplant
Alexander Fleming 1881
Scottish biologist, pharmacologist and botanist.
Discovered first antibiotic
Elizabeth Garrett Anderson (1836 - 1917)
pioneering physician and political campaigner#
dispensary for women in London and in 1870
1872, Anderson founded the New Hospital for Women in London
crick and watson
discovery of the structure of DNA.
X-ray diffraction to study DNA
rapid advances in molecular biology
Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1962
Aneurin Bevan (1897 - 1960
founded NHS in 1948
first-hand experience of the problems of poverty and disease
used to be an MP, Bevan was appointed Minister of Health
hospitals should be taken into public ownership
William Beveridge (1879 - 1963)
government commissioned a report into the ways that Britain should be rebuilt after World War Two, Beveridge was an obvious choice to take charge
ways of fighting the five ‘Giant Evils’ of ‘Want, Disease, Ignorance, Squalor and Idleness’.
1942 Beveridge Report
David Lloyd George (1863-1945)
890 was elected Liberal member of parliament
known for opposition to the boar war
William Booth
He produced a report entitled Life and Labour of the People in London.
conclusion that 30 per cent of people in London lived in poverty
Seebohm Rowntree
He produced a report entitled Poverty, A Study of Town Life.
30 per cent of people in York lived in poverty and that they needed to earn 21 shillings per week to stay out of poverty
Edwin Chadwick
born in 1800
career in law and undertook an apprenticeship
famous report of 1834, recommending the reform of the old law.
he felt the Poor Law reform of 1834 should have provided for the management of poor law relief
John Snow
English physician
leader in the adoption of anaesthesia and medical hygiene.
cholera outbreak in Soho, London, in 1854.
significant improvement in general public health around the world.
Robert Koch
Used flasks to prove microorganisms existed
German physician and pioneering microbiologist
f tuberculosis, cholera, and anthrax
created and improved laboratory technologies
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1905
link a specific microorganism with a specific disease, rejecting the idea of spontaneous generation and supporting the germ theory of disease
