Individualistic Flashcards
Name a learning theory
Operant conditioning - skinner
Observational social learning theory - bandora
Differential association - Sutherland
Strengths and limitations of operant conditioning
S- clear proof that animals learn from reinforcement ( being told not and being rewarded for good behaviour )
L- no human trials , risk don’t outway the rewards for most criminals
Ignores free will
Describe operant conditioning
Rewards given to good behaviour , consequences are given to decrease bad behaviour
E.G ; if a risk vs reward is in favour of the risk it will reinforce the bad behaviour therefore making reoffending more likely
Describe social learning theory
Slt is when young people imitate behaviour from there role models
Vicarious reinforcements : whether we imitate depends on consequences if models get rewards we want to imitate behaviour
Banduras bo bo doll experiment (1961)
Strength and limitation of SLT
S- accounts for social side of humans , proves importance of role models
L- not all seen / learned behaviour has to be imitated , ignores free will
Describe differential association
Criminal behaviour learnt through family and peer groups
Children grow up around criminals they associate crimal behaviour with good / correct behaviour
Pro crime vs anti crime attitudes
Strength and limitation of differential association
S - crime “runs in families
L- only nurture based , ignores free will , not all actions are imitated
Name a psychodynamic theory
Freuds tripartite theory
Maternal deprivation ( bowlby , 1940)
Eysencks personality theory
Describe freuds tripartite theory
I’d - unconscience thoughts
Ego - reality
Super ego - morality
Overactive ID means impulsive and irresponsible behaviour
Describe maternal deprivation
Children lack maternal figure often leading to crime
Leads to : affectionless , psychopathy , delinquency
39% of thieves Experianced this before the age of 5
Describe eysencks personality theory
The more neurotic and extroverted you are the more likely you are to become a criminal
What did yochelson and sameennow discover
Criminals are prone to faulty thinking which is what makes them commit crimes
The showed biases include :
Lying
Optimistic behaviour
Victim status
Secretiveness
Describe kolbergs 6 stage of moral reasoning
6 stages split into three parts
Pre conventional- risk vs rewards
Conventional- peer pressure and social order maintenance
Post conventional - morals are more important than our laws
Believe criminals don’t develop past part one
