Individual Values, Perceptions, and Reactions Flashcards
Attitude
A set of beliefs and emotions about specific ideas, situations, and people.
Cognitive Dissonance
An incompatibility or conflict between behavior and an attitude or between two different attitudes.
Job Satisfaction
An employee’s overall attitude (beliefs and emotions) about their job, including their state of well-being and happiness concerning their experience in a workspace and its environment.
Organizational Commitment
The degree to which an employee identifies with the organization and its goals and wants to stay with the organization.
Employee Engagement
An employee’s heightened emotional and intellectual connection with their job, manager, organization, or coworkers that influences them to apply additional effort to their work.
Values
Individual beliefs that guide and motivate people to act in certain ways, often adopted from lived experiences in families, communities, and cultures.
Terminal Values
Long-term life goals expressed in terms of outcomes like happiness, prosperity, stable family, and satisfying career.
Instrumental Values
Behaviors and methods considered correct for achieving end goals, such as assertiveness, independence, and kindness.
Intrinsic Work Values
Values that relate to a specific interest in the activities of the work itself or the benefits that the work contributes to society.
Extrinsic Work Values
Qualities seen as external rewards for work done, like pay, benefits, promotion opportunities, friendships, and personal office.
Intrapersonal Value Conflict
A conflict that occurs when an individual experiences a clash between a terminal value and an instrumental value.
Interpersonal Value Conflict
A conflict arising when two different people hold different values that clash.
Individual-Organization Value Conflict
A conflict where an employee’s values clash with the values of the organization.
Emotion
An intense, short-term physiological, behavioral, and psychological reaction to a specific object, person, or event.
Mood
A short-term emotional state that is not directed toward anything in particular.
Affectivity
The tendency to experience a particular mood or to react to things with certain emotions, based on one’s felt sense of self in relation to the world.
Positive Affect
The extent to which an individual subjectively experiences positive moods such as joy, interest, and alertness.
Negative Affect
The subjective experience of negative emotional states like anxiety, depression, stress, sadness, worry, guilt, shame, anger, and envy.
Perception
The set of processes by which an individual becomes aware of and interprets information about the environment.
Selective Perception
The process of screening out information that is uncomfortable or contradicts our beliefs.
Stereotyping
The process of categorizing or labeling people based on a single attribute.
Attribution
The way we explain the causes of our own and others’ behaviors and achievements to understand why people act as they do.
Distributive Fairness
Perceived fairness of the outcome received, like promotions, layoffs, and hiring decisions.
Procedural Fairness
Perceived fairness of the processes used to generate an outcome.
Interactional Fairness
Perceived fairness in the quality of information/explanations received during the decision-making process.
Stress
A person’s adaptive response to a stimulus that places excessive psychological demands on them.
