Individual Values, Perceptions, and Reactions

Question 1

Attitude

Answer 1

A set of beliefs and emotions about specific ideas, situations, and people.

Question 2

Cognitive Dissonance

Answer 2

An incompatibility or conflict between behavior and an attitude or between two different attitudes.

Question 3

Job Satisfaction

Answer 3

An employee’s overall attitude (beliefs and emotions) about their job, including their state of well-being and happiness concerning their experience in a workspace and its environment.

Question 4

Organizational Commitment

Answer 4

The degree to which an employee identifies with the organization and its goals and wants to stay with the organization.

Question 5

Employee Engagement

Answer 5

An employee’s heightened emotional and intellectual connection with their job, manager, organization, or coworkers that influences them to apply additional effort to their work.

Question 6

Values

Answer 6

Individual beliefs that guide and motivate people to act in certain ways, often adopted from lived experiences in families, communities, and cultures.

Question 7

Terminal Values

Answer 7

Long-term life goals expressed in terms of outcomes like happiness, prosperity, stable family, and satisfying career.

Question 8

Instrumental Values

Answer 8

Behaviors and methods considered correct for achieving end goals, such as assertiveness, independence, and kindness.

Question 9

Intrinsic Work Values

Answer 9

Values that relate to a specific interest in the activities of the work itself or the benefits that the work contributes to society.

Question 10

Extrinsic Work Values

Answer 10

Qualities seen as external rewards for work done, like pay, benefits, promotion opportunities, friendships, and personal office.

Question 11

Intrapersonal Value Conflict

Answer 11

A conflict that occurs when an individual experiences a clash between a terminal value and an instrumental value.

Question 12

Interpersonal Value Conflict

Answer 12

A conflict arising when two different people hold different values that clash.

Question 13

Individual-Organization Value Conflict

Answer 13

A conflict where an employee’s values clash with the values of the organization.

Question 14

Emotion

Answer 14

An intense, short-term physiological, behavioral, and psychological reaction to a specific object, person, or event.

Question 15

Mood

Answer 15

A short-term emotional state that is not directed toward anything in particular.

Question 16

Affectivity

Answer 16

The tendency to experience a particular mood or to react to things with certain emotions, based on one’s felt sense of self in relation to the world.

Question 17

Positive Affect

Answer 17

The extent to which an individual subjectively experiences positive moods such as joy, interest, and alertness.

Question 18

Negative Affect

Answer 18

The subjective experience of negative emotional states like anxiety, depression, stress, sadness, worry, guilt, shame, anger, and envy.

Question 19

Perception

Answer 19

The set of processes by which an individual becomes aware of and interprets information about the environment.

Question 20

Selective Perception

Answer 20

The process of screening out information that is uncomfortable or contradicts our beliefs.

Question 21

Stereotyping

Answer 21

The process of categorizing or labeling people based on a single attribute.

Question 22

Attribution

Answer 22

The way we explain the causes of our own and others’ behaviors and achievements to understand why people act as they do.

Question 23

Distributive Fairness

Answer 23

Perceived fairness of the outcome received, like promotions, layoffs, and hiring decisions.

Question 24

Procedural Fairness

Answer 24

Perceived fairness of the processes used to generate an outcome.

Question 25

Interactional Fairness

Answer 25

Perceived fairness in the quality of information/explanations received during the decision-making process.

Question 26

Stress

Answer 26

A person’s adaptive response to a stimulus that places excessive psychological demands on them.