Individual differences in states Flashcards
What is a chronotype?
individual differences in day/night cycles. e.g. people having different strengths of cortisol awakening response.
What is eveningness associated with mood & performance wise?
Depression (Au&Reece, 2017)
Difficulties in School engagement (Arabi et al., 2014).
Negative life events, poorer educational attainment, deviant peers, poorer general health, smoking status, drug &alcohol use.
What is morningness associated with?
Low perceived exhaustion and better overall sport performance (Vitale, 2017)
What lower tier traits influence likelihood to become bored?
Narcissism (Wink&Donahue 1997), Anger&Hostility (Joireman et al., 2003), Low self-control (Moynihan et al., 2017).
What are Ekman’s (1992) Six Basic Emotions?
Physiology + Universal Expressions = Six Basic Emotions (Happy, Surprise, Fear, Disgust, Anger, Sad).
What is a critique of Ekmans 6 basic emotions?
Why even have basic emotions? (Ortony & Turner, 1990).
In a mental imagery task, the representations are not universal (Jack et al., 2012).
What does essentialism think about the basic six emotions?
Are similar descriptive words reflecting the same underlying contruct? Are these THE six emotions?
What does the adaptationist model assume about the development of emotions?
Assumes that the development of emotions are due to evolutionary fitness. (Buss et al., 1992). E.g., Disgust, infections and disease are a threat to us so we avoid them.
What are 2 limitations of the constructed emotion theory?
Lack of evidence and multiple locations of emotion.
What is the James Lange Theory?
Emotion is a sense making activity for physiological sensations. The feeling of bodily changes as they occur is the emotion-the associational and motor elements (Cannon, 1927).
What is the social constructivist perspective?
Emotion as the social correction/signal (Averill, 1982).
The experience of being out of control is an interpretation we place on our behaviour. More properly it is an interpretation that our culture places on our behaviour. Most importantly, culture provides the content of the appraisals that generate emotions. While the process of appraisal may be a biological adaptation, the content of our appraisals is cultural. (Cornelius, 2000).
How are states an individual difference?
Frequency of experience and quality of experience.
What do realists say about emotions?
Emotions are discrete categorical states you have evolved to survive.
What does the constructed emotion theory say about emotions?
Emotions are complex converging processes that don’t really fit essentialist boxes.
What do constructivists say about emotions?
emotions are understood within a cultural context and meaning.
