Individual aspects of performance

Question 1

Trait personality

Answer 1

People are born with established personality characteristics.
Behaviour= function of personality

Question 2

Trait

Answer 2

A single characteristic of personality that is believed to be a neutral force or instinct causing an individual to behave in a predicted way.

Question 3

Genes

Answer 3

Biological units of inheritance found in each individual cell in the body. A persons genes determine their physical and psychological characteristics.

Question 4

Aggression

Answer 4

An action intended to bring about harm or injury. Aggressive behaviour is undesirable and dysfunctional in the context of sport.

Question 5

Reticular activating system (RAS)

Answer 5

An area of the brain responsible for regulation arousal.

Question 6

Arousal

Answer 6

A physical and mental state of preparedness.

Question 7

Extrovert

Answer 7

• affiliate well with others
• outgoing, gregarious, sociable
• slower aroused then introverts
• low sensitivity of the RAS

Question 8

Introvert

Answer 8

• tend to be shy and reserved
• prefer isolation from others
• become aroused quicker than extroverts
• high sensitivity of RAS

Question 9

Neurotic

Answer 9

• extreme, unpredictable mood swings
• moods are unreliable
• experience high degrees of stress
• slow recovery from stress

Question 10

Stable

Answer 10

• display predictable emotions in appropriate situations
• moods are predictable
• tend not to experience intense stress
• rapid recovery from stress

Question 11

Social learning theory

Answer 11

All behaviour is learnt from environment experience

Question 12

Interaction theory

Answer 12

Behaviour occurs from the influence of inherited traits and learnt experiences

Question 13

Type A characteristics

Answer 13

• highly competitive
• works fast
• strong desire to succeed
• likes control
• prone to suffer from stress

Question 14

Type B characteristics

Answer 14

• non-competitive
• works more slowly
• lacking desire to succeed
• does not enjoy control
• less prone to stress

Question 15

Attitude object

Answer 15

The people, subject or situation towards which an attitude is directed

Question 16

Attitude

Answer 16

A learnt behavioural predisposition

Question 17

Prejudice

Answer 17

A predetermined view or opinion which may be fairly biased

Question 18

Socialisation

Answer 18

Interaction with others that may modify behaviour

Question 19

Peer group

Answer 19

An immediate group of friends or associates

Question 20

Dissonance

Answer 20

An emotional conflict

Question 21

Competitiveness

Answer 21

The degree to which a person has the motivation to approach and achieve success in sport

Question 22

Nature

Answer 22

A product of the genes of out parents; a genetically-inherited predisposition

Question 23

Incentive value

Answer 23

Relates to the degree of pleasure experienced when success is achieved

Question 24

Approach behaviour

Answer 24

Describes behaviour that accepts a challenge

Question 25

Avoidance behaviour

Answer 25

Describes behaviour that rejects a challenge

Question 26

Attribution

Answer 26

The process that predicts reasons for success or failure

Question 27

Learnt helplessness

Answer 27

The belief that failure is inevitable and that the individual has no control over the factors that cause failure

Question 28

Locus of causality

Answer 28

Identifies the perceived cause of success or failure

Question 29

Attribution bias

Answer 29

Refers to the performers belief that the separate attributions given for success and failure never change

Question 30

Hostile aggression

Answer 30

Deliberate intention to harm or injure another person. Breaks the rules of the game

Question 31

Channelled aggression

Answer 31

Assertion and involves robust play which is directed towards completing the skill successfully and is not primarily involved with inflicting injury

Question 32

Antecedent

Answer 32

A prior event which can lead to aggression

Question 33

Displaced aggression

Answer 33

To change the direction of aggression

Question 34

Nurture

Answer 34

A learnt pattern of behaviour acquired through reinforcement, imitation of the behaviour of others and general environmental influences

Question 35

Somatic

Answer 35

Physical processes eg increases in breathing rate

Question 36

Biofeedback

Answer 36

A stress management technique that uses electronic instruments to measure physiological reactions to stress, eg increased heart rate. By observing traces that indicate increasing heart rate it is possible to control this changing state