Indirect Tax and Subsidies Flashcards

1
Q

Ad valorem tax

A

An indirect tax based on a percentage of the sales price of a good or service. An increase in an ad valorem tax causes an inward shift in the supply curve.

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2
Q

Alcohol duties

A

Excise duties on alcohol are a form of indirect tax and are chargeable on beer, wine and spirits according to their volume and/or alcoholic content.

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3
Q

Black market

A

An illegal market in which the market price is higher than a legally imposed price ceiling. Black markets can develop where there is excess demand (or a shortage) for a product.

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4
Q

Direct tax

A

A tax on income and wealth e.g. income tax or corporation tax where the burden of the tax cannot be passed on to someone else.

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5
Q

Emission tax

A

A charge made to firms that pollute the environment based on the quantity of pollution they emit i.e. the volume of CO2 emissions.

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6
Q

Excise duties

A

Excise duties are indirect taxes levied on our spending on goods and services such as cigarettes, fuel and alcohol. There are also duties on air travel, car insurance.

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7
Q

Incidence of a tax

A

How the final burden of a tax is shared out. If demand for a good is price elastic and a tax is imposed, then the tax may fall mainly on the producer as they will be unable to put prices up without losing a lot of demand.

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8
Q

Indirect tax

A

An indirect tax is imposed on producers (suppliers) by the government. Examples include excise duties on cigarettes, alcohol and fuel and also value added tax.

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9
Q

Specific tax

A

A specific tax is a set tax per unit imposed by the government, a good example is the specific tax (duty) on fuel sold in the UK.

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10
Q

Subsidy

A

Payments by the government to suppliers that reduce their costs. The effect of a subsidy is to increase supply and therefore reduce the market equilibrium price.

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11
Q

Tax incidence

A

The manner in which the burden of an indirect tax is shared between participants in the market i.e. consumers and producers.

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12
Q

Unit tax

A

A specific tax per unit sold e.g. the duty on a litre of fuel might be 80 pence.

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