indirect realism

Question 1

what is meant by indirect realism

Answer 1

“The immediate objects of perception are mind-dependent objects (sense-data) that are caused by and represent mind-independent objects.”

Question 2

what are similarities between direct and indirect realism

Answer 2

they both exsist of external world of objects

Question 3

what are the differences between indirect and D.R

Answer 3

ones mediated and ones not
indirect realism is sense data

Question 4

what are seconadary qualities

Answer 4

nothing in the object themsleves but the powers to produce various sensations in us

Question 5

what is a primary sense

Answer 5

a primary sense is something that is experinced by more than one sense

Question 6

explain the relationship between sense data and the object

Answer 6

the object causes sense data as sense data is represntative of the object

e.g map represnts the world

Question 7

what are the strengths of indirect realism

Answer 7

• perceptual varation
• sense data
• primary and seconadry qulaities

Question 8

what is a premise ?

Answer 8

a statement that provide reasons/ supports the conclusion.

Question 9

whats meant by inductive

Answer 9

a LIKELY conclusion

Question 10

whats meant by deductive

Answer 10

a CERTAIN conclusion

Question 11

what is global sceptisicm

Answer 11

the belief that we cannot know if there is an external world and absolute knowledge is impossible

Question 12

what is a primary quality

Answer 12

those which the object have- scientifically proven

Question 13

whats a secondary quality

Answer 13

those which depend on how he view things

Question 14

what is sense data

Answer 14

sense data is all the data avaliable to your senses, linked to secondary qualities

Question 15

what are the arguments FOR represntative realism

Answer 15

1.perceptual variation
2.illusion
3.time lag

Question 16

bullet

what is the argument that it leads to sceptisiscm about the exsistance of mind- independant objects ?

Answer 16

• P1- all the arguments for indirect realism are the arguments for sense data
• p2- all te arguments for S.D involove arguing that we can be certain of sense data but not for the external world
• p3- arguments against knowledge of the external world are sceptical arguments
• p4- sceptisim argues against knowledge of an external world, so it argues against realism
• c- therefore the arguments for idirect realism actually argue agaisnt realism

Question 17

solution/ doctor

bertrand russels repsonse that the external world is the ‘best hypothesis’

Answer 17

• the exsistance of the external world of objects is the best hypothesis considering the facts
• it is probable that our sensations are’ signs of some property which perhaps causes all sensations( russell )

Question 18

whats russells example for the best hypothesis

Answer 18

• russell says the ‘expression of hunger becomes utterly inexplicable when (the cat ) regarded as mere movemnts and changes of patches of colour’
• feed cat in morning, come home cat has probably exsisted while youve been out.

Question 19

Locke’s quote for the argument from the involuntary nature of out experiences

Answer 19

i have ( perceptual experiences) whether i want them ot not - (so they ) mst be produced in my mind by some exterior causes. they are not ‘mere playthings of the imagination’
*

Question 20

whats lockes argument from the involuntary nature of our experieneces

Answer 20

• we cant choose to have out sense data
• therefore cant be caused by my mind
• as opposed to imagined experinces- voluntary
• my experinces suggest there is an external world

Question 21

the argument from the coherence of various kinds of experience, as developed by Locke and cathrine T.C (attrib)

Answer 21

• locke says we can check our senses using other senses
• Cathrine T.C argues that while sense experinces are very different thesse senses experinces can acciratley be inferred from one another as we experince their coherence so often