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Clinical Practice 1 > Indirect ophthalmoscopy > Flashcards

Indirect ophthalmoscopy Flashcards

1
Q

Compare the magnification and FOV of indirect and direct opthalmoscopy?

A

Indirect ophthalmoscopy:
magnification= x2 - x5
FOV= 25º - 45º

Direct opthalmoscopy:
mag= x15
FOV= 10º (2 disc diameters)

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2
Q

state all 6 factor affecting indirect ophthalmoscopy?

A 
1- distance between the patient and lens
2- distance between the observer and lens
3- pupil size
4- Ammetropia
5-lens power
6- diameter of condensing lens
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3
Q

state two monocular indirect ophthalmoscopy techniques used?

A

pan optic

keeler

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4
Q

Monocular indirect ophthalmoscopy produces what kind of an image?

A

real and erect and no stereopsis

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5
Q

what is the FOV , WD and mag in monocular indirect ophthalmoscopy?

A

FOV = 15º

lower mag= x5

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6
Q

True or false:

a special condensing lens is not required for Monocular indirect Op.

A

true

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7
Q

describe the procedure of Pan Optic technique (include FOV and WD )

A
  • monocular
  • Greater FOV than Direct Op.
  • Greater WD
  • Same as direct Op, bring eyecup into contact with patient, compress eyecup halfway to achieve maximum view.
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8
Q

what is the field of view using the Keeler Wide angle device ?

A

FOV is x10 larger

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9
Q

What is an aerial image and how is it produced and by what technique?

A
  • Binocular indirect Op. produces an aerial image between the patient and examiner.
  • Light from illumination system is reflected off the retina and converged by a condensing lens to produce an aerial image
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10
Q

Describe the image produced by Binocular indirect Op.

A

Real, magnified, inverted and laterally reversed aerial image.

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11
Q

what is the range of the condensing power lens used during binocular indirect Op.

A

+14D to +90D

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12
Q

What is the general rule involving power, mag, lens diameter and FOV?

A

the higher the power, the lower the mag, the lower the lens diameter and greater the FOV.

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13
Q

where is the optic disc positioned relative to the macula?

A

optic disc is nasal.

Macula is always temporal (towards ears)

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14
Q

State the mag, FOV, power of condensing lens, image and procedure of the binocular indirect headset technique in indirect Op.

A
  • x2.5 Magnification (depends on lens)
  • 30º FOV
  • Power of condensing lens varies from +30D to +14D, +20D is most common
  • Image is real, inverted, laterally reversed and stereoscopic view.
  • Procedure: Set up headband, accounting pupil size and refractive error. Hold condensing infant of patients’ eye and pull lens back until fundus image fills in. There are 8 positions and remember inversion.
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15
Q

when should we use the binocular indirect headset?

A
  • poor direct view with direct ophthalmoscope.
  • for a stereoscopic view
  • To see whole fundus- diabetics, young children
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16
Q

Which equipment underpins indirect biomicroscopy?

A

Volk lenses

17
Q

State the WD, FOV, mag and power and lens type used in indirect biomicroscopy?

A 
WD= short
power= +90D and +78D 
Lens type= bi-convex lens of above powers
FOV= smaller than 30º (depends on power)
mag= less mag with stronger lenses
18
Q

when should a Volk lens be used?

A
  • when you have a poor direct view (opacity/ Rx / pupil size)
  • you require a stereoscopic view
  • a wider FOV than direct.
19
Q

What is direct biomicroscopy?

A

a slit lamp

20
Q

State the FOV, Power, Lens type, image and procedure used when a slit lamp is used?

A
  • FOV= smaller than Volk- less than 30º
  • Power= -55D
  • Lens type= Hruby plano concave (concave side towards patient)
  • Image is not inverted- binocular erect image
  • Procedure= you must neutralise corneal power using a high power negative lens or contact lens , and have a direct view os fundus with slit lamp.
21
Q

Contact lenses are ________-________. A viscous ____ is used between eye and ____, this is anaesthesia.

A

corneo- scleral
gel
lens

22
Q

Fundus camera is a specialised ____ power microscope with an attached ______. It has ____ ______ sources.
One to view______ and /or adjust _____ and one to take a flash _______.

A 
low
camera
two 
light
fundus
focus
photo
23
Q

A scanning laser ophthalmoscope uses a _____ light to take images of _______ of the retina. The images are ______ along x, y and z axes. A ______ light is used with a high _______ to produce a monochromatic image. It is used for imaging nerve head in ________.

A 
laser
slices
confocal
lower
magnification
glaucoma

Clinical Practice 1 (5 decks)

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