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Protozoa > Indirect life cycles > Flashcards

Indirect life cycles Flashcards

1
Q

What is the DH of toxoplasma gondii?

A

Cat

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2
Q

How is the DH infected with toxoplasma gondii?

A

Ingesting quiescent bradyzoites, which are found within tissue cysts. These penetrate the epithelial cells in the small intestine.
Ingesting rapidly multiplying tachyzoites in recently infected IH.

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3
Q

How long after infection does the DH shed toxoplasma gondii eggs?

A

3 weeks after infection

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4
Q

Upon ingestion by the IH/AH, how long does it take for the toxoplasma gondii oocyst to sporulate?

A

1-5 days

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5
Q

What is the route of transmission to IH/AH by toxoplasma gondii?

A

Carnivorism/omnivorism.

Transplacentally - humans, sheep and goats.

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6
Q

What does the presence of tachyzoites indicate?

A

Acute tissue phase of infection

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7
Q

How long does it take for tachyzoites to be generated in vitro?

A

6-8 hours

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8
Q

What is endodyogeny?

A

2 progeny forms within the parent parasite

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9
Q

What is the lytic cycle of a tachyzoite?

A

Tachyzoite penetrates the host cell.
Endodyogeny.
Host cell ruptures when it can no longer support the growth rate of tachyzoites.

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10
Q

Where are bradyzoites found?

A

Within tissue cysts

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11
Q

What are the locations of chronic toxoplasmosis?

A

Muscle and brain tissue

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12
Q

How long does it take for a tissue cyst to form after infection by toxoplasma gondii?

A

7-10 days

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13
Q

What are the properties of a cyst wall?

A

Composed of host and parasite material.
Resistant to digestion by gastric juices.
Protected from the host’s immune system.

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14
Q

Why are immunocompromised patients at risk by toxoplasma gondii?

A

Usually there is a low rate of spontaneous reactivation of bradyzoites to tachyzoites. Normally, this is prevented by the immune system.

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15
Q

What are the signs of a toxoplasma gondii infection in early gestation of sheep/goats?

A

Abortion - so appear to be a barren ewe.

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16
Q

What are the signs of a toxoplasma gondii infection in mid-gestation of sheep/goats?

A

Abortion
Lesions of cotyledons in the placenta
Mummification of foetus
Dead foetus

17
Q

What are the signs of a toxoplasma gondii infection in late gestation of sheep/goats?

A

Still born

Weak lambs

18
Q

How are humans infected with toxoplasma gondii?

A

Raw meat
Unpasteurised products
Ingestion of oocysts

19
Q

What are the signs of an acute infection in humans of toxoplasma gondii?

A

Swollen lymph nodes

Muscle aches & pains

20
Q

What are the signs of an severe infection in humans of toxoplasma gondii?

A

Damage to the brain, eyes and other organs.

21
Q

What are the signs of a congenital infection in humans of toxoplasma gondii?

A

Serious eyes or brain damage

22
Q

What is the DH of neospora caninum?

A

Canine

23
Q

What is the IH of neospora caninum?

A

Cattle

24
Q

What are the signs of an infection of neospora caninum in dogs?

A

Myositis - inflammation of muscles

Paralysis - encephalomyelitis

25
Q

What are the signs of infection of neospora caninum in cattle?

A

Abortion

26
Q

What is the exogenous pathway for infection by neospora caninum?

A

Ingestion of sporulated oocysts.

This affects naive individuals or by the DH.

27
Q

What is the endogenous pathway for infection by neospora caninum?

A

Infections resulting from reactivation of bradyzoites during pregnancy.
Primary route of infection in cattle.
Does not involve DH.
Maintenance of infection in endemic herds.

28
Q

What is the DH of sarcocystis?

A

Carnivores

29
Q

What is the IH of sarcocystis?

A

Herbivores

30
Q

What is the sarcocystis species of cattle to dogs?

A

Sarcocystis bovicanis/cruzi

31
Q

What is the sarcocystis species of sheep to dogs?

A

Sarcocystis ovicanis/tenella

32
Q

What is the sarcocystis species of cattle to humans?

A

Sarcocystis bovihominis

Protozoa (3 decks)

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