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Indigenous Exam > Indigenous Exam > Flashcards

Indigenous Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What is culture?

A

The complex whole which includes knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, law, customs and any other capacities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.

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2
Q

Cause’s of illness

A
  • Spiritual illness
  • Punishment
  • Social
  • fatalism
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3
Q

Traditional ways of healing and treatment

A
  • Bush medicine
  • Traditional healers
  • Identity and Place in Culture
  • Caring on Country
  • Terminology:
  • Kadaitcha
  • Sung
  • Pointing the bone
  • Clever man/ woman
  • Ngangkari
  • Women’s/ men’s business
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4
Q

Eras of Australian Policies

A
  1. British Proclamation (1770)
  2. Protection Era (1788 to 1890’s)
  3. WhiteAustralia Policy (1901 – 1966)
  4. Assimilation Era (1930 – 1960)
  5. Integration Era (1960‐70)
  6. Self – Determination Era (1970 ‐ )
  7. Reconciliation (1991 ‐ )
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5
Q

What is Assimilation

A

-Stolen generation
Scientific research to prove White
intellectual superiority and progression of
civilisation versus ‘noble savages’ who
would die out.
• Removal of infants – no maternal consent
• Chief Protectors – Legal guardians
• A.O. Neville: “in 50 years…no Aboriginals”
• John William Bleakley:“Preserve purity of
the white race”

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6
Q

Effects of the stolen generations

A

Parenting and family functioning;
• physical and mental illness;
• disconnection and alienation from extended family, country, culture and society

Depression and other mental illnesses.
• Loneliness, Loss of identity, Mistrust, Loss of language, Loss of Land
• Low self esteem and feelings of worthlessness
• Difficulties in finding spiritual beliefs: Missions imposed Eurocentric religions.
• Anguish in searching for their identity.
• Loss of cultural affiliation: StolenGenerations cannot take a role in the cultural and
spiritual life of theirAboriginal communities.
• Deep distrust of government, police and officials.
• Short family tree: ManyAboriginal people in rural and urban areas can’t go further
than 2 generations into theirAboriginal family tree

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7
Q

Purpose of Policies

A
  • achieve specific outcomes

* outcomes are desirable for a community

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8
Q

Protection era 1788 to 1890’s

A

Protection through regulated co-existence:
‘smooth the pillow of a dying race’

English Government pressured by Aborigines Protection Society for peaceful
colonisation & a recognition of Aboriginal needs.
 Aboriginal Protectors appointed but uninformed and under-resourced.
 ‘Fringe Dwellers’ living in poverty
 Disconnection from land, traditions, languages

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9
Q

Protection policy ‐ 1788 to 1890’s

A

Protection through Segregation:‐
 Mission Stations and Reserves developed.
 Curfews for Aboriginals accessing towns.
 Forced to go to Missions for food (Govt handouts).
 Languages disallowed.
 Massacres continued.
 Native Police set up

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10
Q

Segregation – 1890s ‐ today

A

 Establishment of missions or reserves where
Aboriginal andTorres Strait Islanders were confined to
live
Aboriginal children were not allowed to attend state
schools
Many country towns enforced curfews
Aboriginal people could not access social service
benefits
Not allowed to drink, vote or live with a non‐
Aboriginal person

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11
Q

Integration 1967 ‐1972

A

“The Parliament shall, subject to this Constitution, have power to make laws
for the peace, order, and good government of the Commonwealth with
respect to the people of any race, other than the aboriginal race in any State, for whom it is deemed necessary to make special laws.” Constitution, section 51, clause 26, pre‐1967

“In reckoning the numbers of the people of the Commonwealth, or of a State or other part of the Commonwealth, Aboriginal natives shall not be
counted.” Constitution, section 127, pre‐1967

1967 Australian Referendum:
• Aboriginal inclusion in Census statistics.
• Federal Government to legislate on Aboriginal matters
• 90.77% yes vote

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12
Q

White Australia Policy (1901 – 1973)

A 
Officially known as The Immigration
Restriction Act
• Consisted of a number of laws
• AIM: to stop non‐Europeans
entering Australia
• Prevented Aboriginal soldiers
returning from the Boer War in
South Africa.
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13
Q

What is a policy?

A

Policies:
• Outline the government’s political activities, plans and intentions to guide
decision‐making surrounding a particular area of interest
• Define a set of principles or rules
• Streamline functioning
• Are driven by social and cultural norms

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14
Q

Racism Definition:

A

Prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against someone of a
different race based on the belief that one’s own race is superior.

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15
Q

The 4 elements of Racism

A
  1. Categorisation
  2. Stereotyping
  3. Evaluation
  4. Behaviour
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16
Q

4 types of Discrimination

A
  • Direct discrimination
  • Indirect discrimination
  • Vicarious discrimination
  • Exemptions
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17
Q

1975 Racial Discrimination Act S9

A

“It is unlawful for a person to do any act involving a distinction,
exclusion, restriction or preference based on race, colour, descent or
national or ethnic origin which hasthe purpose or effect of nullifying
or impairing the recognition, enjoyment or exercise, on an equal
footing, of any human right or fundamental freedom in the political,
economic,social, cultural or any other field of public life.”

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18
Q

Cultural Violence Meaning

A

Those aspects of culture that can be used to justify

and legitimise direct or structural violence.

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19
Q

Institutional Racism meaning

A

the ways in which racist beliefs or values have been built into the
operations ofsocial institutionsin such a way as to discriminate against,
control and oppress various minority groups.

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20
Q

Privilege meaning

A

‐ Having advantages or entitlements because you are part of the
dominant culture
‐ Often the advantages or entitlements aren’t recognised by that
group

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21
Q

Reconciliation Meaning

A

Reconciliation is about unity and respect between Aboriginal andTorres Strait
Islander people and non‐Aboriginal andTorres Strait Islander people. It’s about
respect for Aboriginal andTorres Strait Islander heritage and valuing justice and
equity for all Australians.

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22
Q

Reconciliation three important areas

A

Important in three areas:

1) personal, family and community
2) practical and structural
3) local, state and nationa

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23
Q

the 5 domains of Reconciliation

A 
Race relations:
Institutional integrity 
Equality and Equity:
Historical Acceptance:
Unity:
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24
Q

Determinate of health and welfare

A 
Historical
Determinants:
- War
• Migration
• Movements
Political Determinants
• Laws
• Policies
• Social benefits
• Public services
Cultural Determinants
• Beliefs
• Values
• Identity
• Practices
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25
Q

Social Determinants of Health definition:

A

“The conditions in which people are born, grow, work, live, and
age, and the wider set of forces and systems shaping the
conditions of daily life.

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26
Q

Global Social Determinants of Health definition

A

“The enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is
one of the fundamental rights of every human being without
distinction of race, religion, political belief, economic or social
condition.”

27
Q

Social determinants of Health for Aboriginal

and Torres Strait Islander People

A 
• 1.Racism and marginalisation
• 2. Family separation
• 3. Land ‐ access to traditional
• 4.Trauma and stress
• 5. education and training
• 6. Housing and infrastructure
• 7. Employment and income
• 8. Social class
• 9. Poverty
• 10. incarceration and the justice
system
• 11.Access to community
resources
28
Q

Equity

A

giving people what they need for health

29
Q

Inequity

A

whether the inequality between social groups is unfair and

avoidable

30
Q

Equality

A

everyone gets the same thing for health

• Fair but not just – ignoring many factors

31
Q

Health inequality

A

different health status between social groups

32
Q

Globalisation definition

A

“the process through which an ever expanding free flow
of goods, services, capital, peoples and social customs
lead to further integration of economies and societies
worldwide”

33
Q

Effects of globalisation

A
  • Loss of national autonomy
  • Increased benefits for developed economies
  • Culture
  • Civil Society
  • Social Movements
  • Technology and Infrastructure
  • Politics andGovernance
  • Production,Trade and Finance
34
Q

Strengths‐based approach

A

“Even when people present with obvious vulnerabilities they also have
strengths.Their strengths are in their passions, in their skills, in their
interests, in their relationships and in their environments. If mental
health practitioners look for strengths they will find them”

35
Q

Principles of cultural safety

A
  1. To reflect on your own practice is a critical aspect of culturally safe practice.
  2. Engage in a conversation with the client to learn a bit about them.
  3. Need to minimise the power differentials between yourself and your clients
  4. Undertake a process of decolonisation.
  5. Ensure that you do not diminish, demean or disempower others through your
    actions
36
Q

What is cultural safety

A

✓ Is a process – each new interaction in cross cultural communication
is an opportunity to achieve cultural safety
✓ Cultural safety is not just about what you do but how you do it.
✓ Cultural safety exists on a continuum

37
Q

Cultural Awareness definition

A

Being aware that there are differences between people

38
Q

Cultural Sensitivity definition

A

To acknowledge and incorporate (as much as possible) these differences into care
provision

39
Q

Cultural Competence

A

The ability of health professionals and systems to provide care to patients with
diverse values, beliefs and behaviours

40
Q

Cultural Safety

A

This is achieved if the recipient of care feels that cultural beliefs and values were
respected within the interaction

41
Q

Delivering culturally safe care

A

Holistic, free of bias and racism
➢ Challenges belief based upon assumption
➢ Respectful for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples
➢ Advocate for, and act to facilitate, access to quality and culturally safe
health services
➢ Recognise the importance of family, community, partnership and
collaboration in the healthcare decision-making

42
Q

Cultural Humility definition

A

Cultural humility is a process of self-reflection to understand
personal and systemic biases and to develop and maintain
respectful processes and relationships based on mutual trust.
Cultural humility involves humbly acknowledging oneself as a
learner when it comes to understanding another’s experience.

43
Q

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander definition of health

A

“Aboriginal health’ means not just the physical wellbeing of
an individual but refers to the social, emotional and cultural
well-being of the whole Community in which each individual
is able to achieve their full potential as a human beings,
thereby bringing about the total well-being of their
Community. It is a whole of life view and includes the
cyclical concept of life‐death‐life.”

44
Q

PRIMARY HEALTHCARE

A

“Essential health care based on practical, scientifically sound and
socially acceptable methods and technology made universally accessible
to individuals and families in the community through their full
participation and at a cost that the community and country can afford
to maintain at every stage of their development in the spirit of self‐
reliance and self‐determination. It is the first level of contact with
individuals, the family and community with the national health systems
bringing health care as close as possible to where people live and work
and constitutes the first element of a continuing care process.”

45
Q

Primary Health Care:

A

• refers to both the point of first contact with the health care system and a
philosophy for the delivery of care
• is a pathway to achieving basic human rights, which is essentially social justice
•was first defined in the 1978 Declaration of Alma‐Ata

46
Q

Two types of Primary Health Care

A

Selective Primary Health Care

Comprehensive Primary Health Care

47
Q

Intersectoral Collaboration

A
  • Those managing health
  • Education
  • Social services
  • Housing
  • Transportation
  • Environmental planning
  • Local government
48
Q

Closing the Gap targets:

A

improve, education, employment, life expectancy, school attendance for ATSI people

49
Q

Closing the Gap objectives

A

• The objective of this Agreement is to overcome the
entrenched inequality faced by too manyAboriginal and
Torres Strait Islander people so that their life outcomes
are equal to allAustralians.

50
Q

Aboriginal self‐determination and

autonomy meaning

A

“What unites Indigenous leaders around the world is a burning desire for their people to be respected, resourced properly and then left to make their own share of mistakes and their own progress.”

51
Q

Principles of Self Determination

A
  • Freedom -Equal rights
  • Support -To build autonomy
  • Knowledge- Building knowledge
  • Financial responsibility- Controlling budget
  • Stable policies - Support and encouragement
52
Q

Community engagement definition

A

Genuinely encouraging individuals and communities to define their
own needs and ways of meeting those needs.

53
Q

Benefits of community engagement

A
  • CE can help to improve health/social outcomes for communities
  • CE can increase local autonomy in addressing social/health issues
  • CE contributes to a creating equity
  • CE provides students with real world experiences
  • CE can help to identify areas of research
54
Q

PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

A
  1. Planning and preparation
  2. Inclusion and demographic diversity
  3. Collaboration and shared purpose
  4. Openness and learning
  5. Transparency andTrust
  6. Impact and action
  7. Sustained engagement and participatory culture
55
Q

Cultural safety meaning

A

Identified as the key factor in planning community engagement activities for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.

56
Q

Cultural awareness meaning

A

‐ it is aware that people are different.

57
Q

Cultural sensitivity meaning

A

means being sensitive to the differences identified through cultural awareness

58
Q

Cultural competence meaning

A

Is a process not an end point and is the ability of systems and individuals to provide care to patients with diverse values, beliefs and behaviours

59
Q

Cultural respect meaning

A

developed as a guiding principle in policy construction and service delivery

60
Q

Name the four (4) parts of the cultural safety continuum

A
  • Cultural safety
  • Cultural awareness
  • Cultural sensitivity
  • Cultural compances
61
Q

The term culture can be described as

A

constructed and learned

62
Q

Sustaining a strong cultural identity is a key component of social and emotional wellbeing. The current Australian definition of Indigeneity includes the following EXCEPT for the person

A

is able to speak an indigenous language fluently

63
Q

Forcing Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people to move to missions or reserves is an example of which government policy?

A

Segregation

Indigenous Exam (1 decks)

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