Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Drugs > Indications, Mechanisms, Adverse And Warnings > Flashcards

Indications, Mechanisms, Adverse And Warnings Flashcards

1
Q

Acetylecysteine mechanism

A

Replenishes supply of glutathione

Also antioxidant - why helps in contrast nephropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Adverse effect when large dose of Acetylcyteine for paracetamol poisoning

A

Anaphylactic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When Acetylcyteine administered as mucolytic what is a possible adverse reaction

A

Bronchospasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Acetylcyteine dose for contrast nephropathy prophylaxis

A

600-1200mg 12 hourly for 2 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Acetylcyteine dose for mucolysis

A

2.5-5 ml 10% solution by nebuliser every 6 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Acetylcyteine dose for paracetamol poisoning

A

Slow drip over 21 hours - consult BNF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Monitoring for paracetamol poisoning after Acetylcyteine

A

INR most sensitive marker for ongoing liver injury

ALT, creatinine conc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Activated charcoal uses

A

Reduce absorption of certain poisons / drugs in overdose from gut
Increase elimination of poisons (if readily diffuse back into gut)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Mechanisms of activated charcoal

A

Molecules are adsorbed onto surface of charcoal -> reduced absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Activated charcoal adverse effects

A

Black stools and vomiting
Intestinal obstruction
Aspiration -> pneumonitis, bronchospasm, airway obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Who shouldn’t get activated charcoal

A

Reduced consciousness / persistent vomiting (aspiration)

Reduced GI motility (obstruction)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How do you prescribe Activated charcoal

A

Within 1 hour of injection of clinically significant amount of substance
50g orally in 250ml water suspension (drink)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When use adenosine

A

Supraventricular tachycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Adenosine mechanism

A

Increases AV node refractoriness -> breaks re entry circuit -> allows normal depolarisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Adenosine adverse effects

A

Bradycardia - often like ‘sinking feeling in chest’ ->

Breathlessness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Who can’t receive adenosine

A

Hypotensive, Coronary ischemia, Decompensated heart failure (bradycardia)
Asthma (bronchospasm)
Heart transplant - very sensitive to effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What blocks uptake of adenosine?

Effect?

A

Dipyridamole -> prolongs effect (should half dose)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Adenosine prescribing

A

6mg IV - increased to 12 if ineffective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What’s needed for administration of adenosine

A

Resuscitation facilities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What to tell patient p you are giving adenosine

A

Hopefully ‘reset heart’ to normal

Will make them feel terrible for about 30 seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Monitoring for adenosine

A

Continuous cardiac rhythm strip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Adrenaline uses

A

Cardiac arrest
Anaphylaxis
Local - vasoconstriction (eg stop mucosal bleeding), prolong local anaesthesia (with lidocaine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Adrenaline mechanism

A

Agonist a1,a2,b1,b2

  • > redistribution of blood favouring heart
  • > bronchodilation and suppression of inflammatory mediator release from mast cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Adrenaline adverse effects

A

Hypertension, tremor,manliest, headache, palpitations, arrythmias, angina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

When should adrenaline not be used

A

Areas supplied by end artery (eg fingers and toes) -> necrosis

Cautious in heart disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Adrenaline interactions

A

B blocker -> widespread vasoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Adrenaline prescription for cardiac arrest

A

1mg IV after third shock

Repeated every 3-5 mins after

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Adrenaline prescription anaphylaxis

A

500mg IM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Aldosterone antagonists uses

A

Ascites and odema due to liver cirrhosis
Chronic heart failure
Primary hyperaldosteronism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Aldosterone antagonists adverse effects

A

Hyperkalaemia -> weakness, arrythmias

Gynaecomastia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

When not to use aldosterone antagonists

A

Hyperkalaemia
Addison’s disease
Renal impairment
Breastfeeding women - crosses into milk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Aldosterone antagonists interactions

A

Potassium elevating drugs (ACEi, ARBs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Eg of aldosterone antagonists

A

Spironolactone

(epleronone - only for heart failure)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Starting dose of spironolactone Ascites? Heart failure?

A

100mg daily for ascities

25mg daily for heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What to tell men getting spironolactone

A

Growth and tenderness of tissue under vessels
Impotence
Benign and reversible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Issue with spironolactone effects? How to counteract

A

Takes several days for effect -> prescribed with a loop / thiazide diuretic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Alginates and antacids uses

A

GORD

Dyspepsia

38
Q

How do alginates work

A

Increase viscosity of stomach contents

39
Q

How do ant acids work

A

Buffer stomach acids

40
Q

Eg of antacids

A

Sodium bicarbonates
Calcium carbonates
Magnesium salts
Aluminium salts

41
Q

Antacid adverse effects

A

Magnesium - constipation

Aluminium - diarrhoea

42
Q

When not to use alginates

A

Thickened milk preparations

43
Q

Sodium / potassium antacids should not be used when?

A

Fluid overload / Hypercalcaemia eg. Renal failure

44
Q

Alginates interactions ? How to prevent

A

Reduce serum conc of many drugs
- check book
Take at different times gap of at least 2 hours

45
Q

Eg of name alginates and antacids

A

Gaviscon

Peptac

46
Q

Allopurinol uses

A

Prevent acute attacks of gout
Prevent Uric acid and calcium oxalate renal stones
Prevent hyperuricaemia and tumour lysis syndrome associate with chemo

47
Q

Mechanism of allopurinol

A

Xanthine oxidase inhibitor

48
Q

Allopurinol adverse effects

A

Skin rash - maybe Stevens Johnson syndrome

Can trigger / worsen acute gout attack

49
Q

When should allopurinol be avoided

A

Acute attacks of gout

Recurrent skin rash / signs of hypersensitivity

50
Q

When should allopurinol dose be reduced

A

Renal / hepatic Impairment as excreted / metabolised

51
Q

Allopurinol interactions

A

Mercaptopurine (and pro-drug azathiopine) as use xanthine oxidase

52
Q

How is allopurinol prescribed

A

100mg daily oral. Titrate up according to serum Uric acid

53
Q

When starting allopurinol for gout what else should be prescribed

A

NSAID / colchicine

54
Q

When should allopurinol be started when used with chemo

A

Before chemo starts

55
Q

When should allopurinol be taken

A

After meals - encourage good fluid intake 2-3 l per day

56
Q

What should be told to patients getting allopurinol

A

Seek medical advice if they get a rash

57
Q

Target of Uric acid concentrations with allopurinol

A
58
Q

Which drugs increase serum Uric acid

A

Thiazide and loop diuretics

Low dose aspirin inhibits renal Uric acid excretion

59
Q

Egs of alpha blockers

A

Doxazosin
Tamsulosin
Alfuzosin

60
Q

Alpha blockers use

A

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

Add on treatment in resistant hypertension

61
Q

Mechanism of alpha blockers

A

Highly sensitive to a1 (mainly smooth muscle)

-> vasodilation and reduced resistance to bladder outflow

62
Q

Alpha blockers adverse effects

A

Postural hypotension
Dizziness
Syncope

63
Q

When should alpha blockers not be used

A

Patients with postural hypotension

64
Q

Doxazosin dose

A

1mg daily and increased at 1-2 week intervals dependent on response

65
Q

Tamulosin only licensed for? Dose?

A

BPH

400mg daily

66
Q

When is doxazosin ideally administered

A

Bed time - due to blood pressure lowering

67
Q

Aminogycosides eg

A

Gentamycin

Amikacin

68
Q

Amino glycosides uses

A

Severe sepsis
Pyelonephritis / complicated UTI
Biliary / intraabdominal sepsis
Endocarditis

69
Q

Organism unknown in endocarditis - what should be given with amino glycosides

A

Penicillin / metronidazole

70
Q

Mechanism of aminoglycosides

A

Bind irreversibly to bacterial ribosomes

71
Q

Aminoglycosides adverse effects

A

Nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity

72
Q

How does nephrotoxicity present

A

Reduced urine output and rising serum creatinine / urea

73
Q

How does ototoxicity present

A

Hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo

MAY BE IRREVESIBLE

74
Q

Be careful with aminoglycosides in

A 
Neonate, elderly, renal impaired 
Myasthenia gravis (can impair neuromuscular transmission)
75
Q

When is ototoxicity more likely with aminoglycosides

A

When prescribed with loop diuretics / vancomycin

76
Q

When is nephrotoxicity more likely with aminoglycosides

A

Prescribed with Vancomycin / cephlasopins

77
Q

How are aminoglycosides administered

A

IV - can’t give oral as highly polarised (don’t cross lipid membrane)

78
Q

Why are aminoglycosides diluted and administered slowly

A

Prevents ear exposure to high concentrations

79
Q

What to tell patients with aminoglycosides

A

Tell you if any ringing / hearing changes / dizziness

80
Q

Acetylcysteine indications

A

Paracetamol poisoning
Prevent renal injury during contrast nephropathy
Reduced viscosity of respiratory secretions

81
Q

Amionosalicyates use

A

Ulcerative colitis

Rheumatoid arthritis

82
Q

Eg of aminosalicyates

A

Mesalazine

Sulfasalazine

83
Q

Aminosalicyates mechanism

A

Release 5-aminosalicylic acid -> anti inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects

84
Q

Aminosalicyates adverse effects

A

GI upset
Headache
Rarely - thrombocytopenia / leucopenia, renal impairment , reduced sperm count
Hypersensitivity

85
Q

Who should not take aminosalicyates

A

People with aspirin hypersensitivity (both are salicyates)

86
Q

Aminosalicyates drug interactions

A

PPI - may cause coating to be broken down early

Lactulose - lowers stool ph -> may prevent release

87
Q

Acute attack of UC how is mesalazine prescribed

A

Suppository 1-2 times daily for 4-6 weeks

Can be taken orally

88
Q

What should be checked in patients getting oral mesalazine

A

Renal function

89
Q

What should be checked in patients getting sulfasalazine

A

FBC and liver profile

90
Q

Which aminosalicyates causes the lease adverse effects

A

Mesalazine

Drugs (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions