Indications and Precautions

Question 1

Indications for interferential current?

Answer 1

Pain reduction- acute and chronic

Question 2

Indications for NMES (4)?

Answer 2

Muscle re-education
Retard atrophy
Muscle strengthening
Decrease muscle spasm through fatigue

Question 3

Indications for Hivolt and microcurrent? Hivolt only?

Answer 3

Stimulate healing
Hivolt only:
Reduce edema
Decrease spasm/guarding of pelvic floor muscles

Question 4

Indications for ultrasound (7)?

Answer 4

Increase extensibility of collagen fibers of tendons and joint capsules
Increase blood flow
Increase cell metabolism
Increase collagen synthesis
Decreased joint stiffness
Decreased muscle spasm
Enhanced tendon, ligament, and muscle healing

Question 5

Indications for SWD (5)?

Answer 5

OA
Neck/back pain
Ankle pain
Dermal wounds
Other neuromusculoskeletal injures/pain

Question 6

Indications for cold laser (3)?

Answer 6

Stimulate healing
Inhibit swelling
Acute/chronic pain

Question 7

Indications for thermotherapy (4)?

Answer 7

Decrease pain
Decrease muscle spasm
OA
RA

Question 8

Indications for cryotherapy (4)?

Answer 8

Relieve/decrease pain
Decrease blood flow and metabolism
Protect injured tissue
Decrease muscle spasm

Question 9

Indications for massage (7)?

Answer 9

Superficial adhesions
Circulatory stasis
Congestion
Edema and joint swelling
Myalgia/trigger points
Tension HAs
Postexertion fatigue and stiffness

Question 10

Indications for traction (4)?

Answer 10

Disc protrusion/herniation
NR impingement
Joint hypomobility
Arthritis conditions of facet joints

Question 11

Precautions for traction (6)?

Answer 11

Pain exacerbation
History of spinal surgery
Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis
Hypertension and respiratory disorders
Dentures (cervical pulley only)
TMD (cervical pulley only)

Question 12

Precautions for cryotherapy (8)?

Answer 12

Impaired circulation
Thoracic area in patients with CAD
Hypertensive patients
Cardiovascular and cardiorespiratory disorders (take BP constantly)
Superficial peripheral nerves
Hemiplegic
Very young/very old
Obesity

Question 13

Precautions for thermotherapy (6)?

Answer 13

Impaired circulation
Over wounds
Severe cardiac insufficiency
Over superficial metal implants
May cause decreased motor skill and reaction time
Can increase fever

Question 14

Precautions for cold laser (6)?

Answer 14

Infection
Testicles
Sympathetic ganglia, vagus nerve, cardiac region in those with heart disease
Bruises
Photosensitive skin

Question 15

Precautions for SWD (5)?

Answer 15

Pregnant operator should not be exposed daily and should remain 3 feet from functioning device
Copper IUDs
Other patients near the device should keep 10 foot distance
Other EPA devices should be 10 feet away
Mentally confused patients

Question 16

Precautions for ultrasound (2)?

Answer 16

Bony prominences (avoid, use indirect technique, smaller sound head)
Epiphyseal plate (may alter growth plate)

Question 17

Which modalities have precautions?

Answer 17

Ultrasound
Short wave diathermy (SWD)
Cold laser
Thermotherapy
Cryotherapy
Traction