Indian Subcontinent Flashcards

Question

What is double cropping and what does it do

Answer 1

Double cropping means planting wheat after rice has been harvested. It allows for year round land use and continuous production

Answer 2

Rivers such as the Krishna have formed deltas which are intensely farmed, usually for rice.

Answer 3

The green revolution describes changes brought to the production of staple crops such as rice, through the use of high yielding pest resistant seed varieties, fertilisers and pesticides. It was initiated in the 1970s

Answer 4

To increase food supply for the rapidly growing population The introduction of farmer education programmes and modern farming methods Improvement of economic conditions through the employment created by dam and irrigation construction projects

Answer 5

Increased food production Reduced threat of famine Surplus of production resulted in commercial trading which helped increase income for small farmers

Answer 6

Increased mechanisation reduced the need for labourers. Many Labourers migrated to different cities The rising cost of inputs meant many small farmers could not keep up repayments and they lost their holdings

Answer 7

Labour intensive activities provide employment (such as rice production and tea harvesting) and income for rural dwellers. The most common form of agriculture is subsistence farming (where farmers cultivate and harvest crops on small plots of land). Most produce are consumed by the family but a small amount is sold in local markets. The population growth is placing pressure in the agricultural sector, as it is needed for food production and employment Increased mechanisation may improve output but also has a negative effect on rural employment The variety of spices in India has resulted in widespread spice production e.g chili and cardamom Cattle production and beef exports are really important in India. The Hindu religion views the cow as a sacred animal, therefore they farm water buffalo, which is called carabeef.

Answer 8

The transformation of raw materials from primary economic activities into finished goods e.g manufacturing construction food, food processing and pharmaceuticals

Answer 9

- raw materials: industries will generally locate near their raw materials Coal deposits in Orissa state, resulted in growth of industries using coal Iron ore deposits give rise to development of iron and steel manufacturing e.g tata plant Copper deposits at Khetri supports copper smelting that supplies copper to engineering industries Sugar cane is a weight losing crop so industries are located nearby Cotton does not reduce in weight or volume during the manufacturing process and therefore proximity to raw materials is not such an important factor for the location of cotton Mills. However proximity to the market is important Jute, In West Bengal, supplies the raw materials to numerous jute mills in the region. The industry is centred in Kolkata. Hydroelectric power is used by electronic metallurgical industries e.g. aluminium is manufactured using power from the Hirakund dam in Orissa state.

Answer 10

-Labour: With the population of over 1.2 billion the Indian manufacturing industry has access to a large labour pool Urban areas are centres of labour supply. This has resulted in industrial concentrations in cities such as Mumbai and Kolkata English speakers and lower labour costs attracted multinational companies e.g. Mitsubishi Increased participation in third level education and scientific research created a force that has attracted a wide range of industries Bangalore is home to a number of institutions, including the prestigious Indian Institute of science The pharmaceutical industry in India is widely distributed and Indian companies in production centres like Mumbai and Chennai, specialise in the production of low-cost generic medicines Restrictive labour laws in some states apply to companies of more than 100 employees -Infrastructure: Efficient transport infrastructure is vital in getting the product to market while keeping the distribution cost low Lowland areas of well suited to the development of transport network for the rapid transport of perishable materials . The wide range of food processing plants on the Ganges due to this. During colonial times, Britain established three main ports to serve as export points for raw materials. These ports were called Mumbai, Kolkata and Madras. Railways were also constructed under British rule. They were designed to get raw materials to port and back to Great Britain to factories where they were processed. It also for the transport of bulky manufactured goods from plants located near to raw materials. Major improvements to the road include the golden quadrilateral which links the main cities of Chennai, Kolkata, Delhi and Mumbai. -Markets: Local markets in rural areas, support of variety of small scale manufacturing activities Multinational corporations wishing to gain access to the vast market have established manufacturing plants throughout the subcontinent, e.g. Samsung in New Delhi The main Urban Centres such as Delhi and Mumbai have attracted of wide range of consumer industries, including textiles and food processing e.g. Coca-Cola Increasing influence among the wealthy classes in India has led to increased demand for cars e.g the Tata motor plant, and other technology. Membership of the ASEAN free trade area gives India access to Asian markets -Government: State owned enterprises can be found in most sectors of India’s economy but many are inefficient and end up losing money . Industrial parks and over 200 special economic zones have been set up throughout India for example the Falta special economic zone in Kolkata. The government is planning a number of industrial corridors (an area containing a variety of transport infrastructures) in order to attract international manufacturing The proposed delhi-Mumbai industrial corridor, costing €900 billion will extend over 1400 km. Foreign direct investment was allowed in the Indian market in 1991. They provide employment in their own facilities and also the production and logistical links that develop between them and local Indian companies. Other manufactures have been attracted as part of the Make In India campaign e.g. Kia and general motors. Since 2022 India and the EU re-launched negotiations for a free trade agreement

Answer 11

Red soils are found over large areas of the Tibetan Plteau and are formed by the weathering of igneous rocks such as granite, and metamorphic rocks such as gneiss.