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History India > India First World War > Flashcards

India First World War Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the pop. of India by 1914 and what % was Hindu?

A

300mil and 70%

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2
Q

How did the following groups respond to the outbreak of WWI?
Muslims:
Hindus/Congress:
Princes:

A

Muslims: Large % joined the army
Hindus/Congress: Gandhi urged Indians to go to war for the British, many saw it as their duty to fight as their ancestors did - some groups who were viewed as ‘warriors’ in the caste system went in large numbers
Princes: 27 of the largest princely states put their armies at the disposal of the British and commissioned,fitted and provisioned a the Loyalty hospital ship

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3
Q

How many of the largest princely states gave their armies to the British?

A

27

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4
Q

What did the princes provision for the war effort?

A

The hospital ship Loyalty

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5
Q

Which extreme leader of Congress supported the war effort?

A

Bal Tilak

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6
Q

Why did many Indian soldiers enlist in the war?

A

Part of the tradition to serve whoever rules them.

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7
Q

How many Indians had enlisted by November 1918

A

827,000

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8
Q

How many Indians died in total in the war in WWI?

A

64,500

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9
Q

At which notable WWI battles were Indian regiments involved?

A

Neuve Chappelle and the second battle of Ypres

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10
Q

On what other front did Indian soldiers serve?

A

Mesopotamia (Middle East)

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11
Q

Where were Indian soldiers besieged in April 1916?

A

Kut-al-Amara

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12
Q

How many animals did India provide for the war?

A

184,350

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12
Q

In total, how many Indians were recruited into combat and non-combatant positions?

A

1.5 Million

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13
Q

How much money did India contribute to the war effort by the end of WWI?

A

146 million

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14
Q

In 1917, how much money was raised as war loans from India?

A

Around half at the time, 35.5 mil.

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15
Q

How did ordinary people in India experience the effects of the war?

A

Inflation, high prices,shortages of fuel and increased taxation. Social stress as uncertainty for themselves/loved ones in war increased.

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16
Q

The price of the following things increased by what percentage during the war:
Grain
Indian-made goods
Imported goods

A

Grain 93%
Indian-made goods 60%
Imported goods 190%

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17
Q

Why did the British struggle to control prices?

A

Profiteers and speculators

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18
Q

What exacerbated the economic and financial situation in 1919?

A

Bad weather - No monsoon rain in 1919

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19
Q

Who benefited from the war and why?
Industries including….

A

Industries including…. Chemicals, cotton, iron and steel, sugar, engineering
Cotton Mill shareholders - more demand for the goods to replace normally imported products

20
Q

What suggests that the situation was deteriorating back in India during WWI?

A

food riots, petty violence and rioting.

21
Q

When was the Montagu Declaration issued?

A

20th August 1917

22
Q

What was Edwin Montagu’s title?

A

Secretary of State for India

23
Q

What did the Montagu Declaration implicitly commit the British to?

A

Some eventual form of self-government for India

24
Q

When did Montagu visit India?

A

1917-18

25
Q

Who was a staunch opponent of any more Indian participation in government?

A

Governor of the Punjab O’Dwyer

26
Q

When was India placed under the Defence of India Act?

A

1915

27
Q

What was the aim of the Defence of India Act?

A

To put a stop to anti-war and revolutionary behaviour/activities

28
Q

What was Mr S. T. Rowlatt tasked with investigating in June 1918?

A

Investigate revolutionary conspiracies

29
Q

What did the commission of Mr S. T. Rowlatt in 1918 conclude and recommend?

A

The commission concluded that Bengal, Bombay and the Punjab were centres for revolutionary activity and recommended wartime measures ie. imprisonment without trial, trial by judges sitting without a jury, censorship and house arrest for suspects.

30
Q

What was the formal name of the Rowlatt Acts?

A

Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act.

31
Q

Who voted against the Rowlatt Acts?

A

Every single one of the 22 Indian members of the Indian Legislative Council.

32
Q

Who resigned from the Indian Legislative Council as a result of the Rowlatt Act?

A

Jinnah and his colleagues

33
Q

When was the Rowlatt Act repealed?

A

1922, but the damage had already been caused - the Indians had become distrustful of the Raj

34
Q

What were ‘hartals’?

A

A stoppage of work and lock out, used as a political protest

35
Q

Who cooperated during the hartals?

A

Hindus and Muslims

36
Q

What triggered the outbreak of rioting?

A

Arrest of 2 organisers , Kitchlew and Satya Pal

37
Q

Who was Marcia Sherwood?

A

CoE missionary

38
Q

Who was the Governor of the Punjab?

A

O’Dwyer

39
Q

What was the name of the park where the Amritsar Massacre took place?

A

Jallianwala Bagh

40
Q

What religious festival was being celebrated by Sikhs?

A

Baisakhi Day

41
Q

What did Dyer introduce in Amritsar after the massacre?

A

Martial law

42
Q

What was the name of the British investigation after the Amritsar Massacre?

A

Hunter commission

43
Q

What did the Hunter Commission conclude?

A

There was no revolutionary activity

44
Q

Who else launched an investigation into the massacre? What did it conclude?

A

Congress, and that the Raj were savage in their rule over India

45
Q

When was the Montagu-Chelmsford Report published?

A

1917

46
Q

What were the key features of the 1919 Government of India Act?

A

Dyarchy, indian control over provincial matters and very limited central govt control . Franchise was extended, but still linked to tax payments.

47
Q

What was ‘dyarchy’ and when was it abolished?

A

unequal power split between Indians and the British. It was abolished in 1935

48
Q

How did the following groups react to the Govt of India Act 1919?
British Left wing
British Right wing
Indians

A

Left-wing British MPs - Protested that the reforms had not gone far enough.
Right-wing British MPs - Losing its nerve and would soon lose India
Indians - Indian members of the Civil service felt that they were losing their authority. Activists were not happy

History India (4 decks)

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