India First World War

Question 1

What was the pop. of India by 1914 and what % was Hindu?

Answer 1

300mil and 70%

Question 2

How did the following groups respond to the outbreak of WWI?
Muslims:
Hindus/Congress:
Princes:

Answer 2

Muslims: Large % joined the army
Hindus/Congress: Gandhi urged Indians to go to war for the British, many saw it as their duty to fight as their ancestors did - some groups who were viewed as ‘warriors’ in the caste system went in large numbers
Princes: 27 of the largest princely states put their armies at the disposal of the British and commissioned,fitted and provisioned a the Loyalty hospital ship

Question 3

How many of the largest princely states gave their armies to the British?

Answer 3

27

Question 4

What did the princes provision for the war effort?

Answer 4

The hospital ship Loyalty

Question 5

Which extreme leader of Congress supported the war effort?

Answer 5

Bal Tilak

Question 6

Why did many Indian soldiers enlist in the war?

Answer 6

Part of the tradition to serve whoever rules them.

Question 7

How many Indians had enlisted by November 1918

Answer 7

827,000

Question 8

How many Indians died in total in the war in WWI?

Answer 8

64,500

Question 9

At which notable WWI battles were Indian regiments involved?

Answer 9

Neuve Chappelle and the second battle of Ypres

Question 10

On what other front did Indian soldiers serve?

Answer 10

Mesopotamia (Middle East)

Question 11

Where were Indian soldiers besieged in April 1916?

Answer 11

Kut-al-Amara

Question 12

How many animals did India provide for the war?

Answer 12

184,350

Question 12

In total, how many Indians were recruited into combat and non-combatant positions?

Answer 12

1.5 Million

Question 13

How much money did India contribute to the war effort by the end of WWI?

Answer 13

146 million

Question 14

In 1917, how much money was raised as war loans from India?

Answer 14

Around half at the time, 35.5 mil.

Question 15

How did ordinary people in India experience the effects of the war?

Answer 15

Inflation, high prices,shortages of fuel and increased taxation. Social stress as uncertainty for themselves/loved ones in war increased.

Question 16

The price of the following things increased by what percentage during the war:
Grain
Indian-made goods
Imported goods

Answer 16

Grain 93%
Indian-made goods 60%
Imported goods 190%

Question 17

Why did the British struggle to control prices?

Answer 17

Profiteers and speculators

Question 18

What exacerbated the economic and financial situation in 1919?

Answer 18

Bad weather - No monsoon rain in 1919

Question 19

Who benefited from the war and why?
Industries including….

Answer 19

Industries including…. Chemicals, cotton, iron and steel, sugar, engineering
Cotton Mill shareholders - more demand for the goods to replace normally imported products

Question 20

What suggests that the situation was deteriorating back in India during WWI?

Answer 20

food riots, petty violence and rioting.

Question 21

When was the Montagu Declaration issued?

Answer 21

20th August 1917

Question 22

What was Edwin Montagu’s title?

Answer 22

Secretary of State for India

Question 23

What did the Montagu Declaration implicitly commit the British to?

Answer 23

Some eventual form of self-government for India

Question 24

When did Montagu visit India?

Answer 24

1917-18

Question 25

Who was a staunch opponent of any more Indian participation in government?

Answer 25

Governor of the Punjab O'Dwyer

Question 26

When was India placed under the Defence of India Act?

Answer 26

1915

Question 27

What was the aim of the Defence of India Act?

Answer 27

To put a stop to anti-war and revolutionary behaviour/activities

Question 28

What was Mr S. T. Rowlatt tasked with investigating in June 1918?

Answer 28

Investigate revolutionary conspiracies

Question 29

What did the commission of Mr S. T. Rowlatt in 1918 conclude and recommend?

Answer 29

The commission concluded that Bengal, Bombay and the Punjab were centres for revolutionary activity and recommended wartime measures ie. imprisonment without trial, trial by judges sitting without a jury, censorship and house arrest for suspects.

Question 30

What was the formal name of the Rowlatt Acts?

Answer 30

Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act.

Question 31

Who voted against the Rowlatt Acts?

Answer 31

Every single one of the 22 Indian members of the Indian Legislative Council.

Question 32

Who resigned from the Indian Legislative Council as a result of the Rowlatt Act?

Answer 32

Jinnah and his colleagues

Question 33

When was the Rowlatt Act repealed?

Answer 33

1922, but the damage had already been caused - the Indians had become distrustful of the Raj

Question 34

What were ‘hartals’?

Answer 34

A stoppage of work and lock out, used as a political protest

Question 35

Who cooperated during the hartals?

Answer 35

Hindus and Muslims

Question 36

What triggered the outbreak of rioting?

Answer 36

Arrest of 2 organisers , Kitchlew and Satya Pal

Question 37

Who was Marcia Sherwood?

Answer 37

CoE missionary

Question 38

Who was the Governor of the Punjab?

Answer 38

O'Dwyer

Question 39

What was the name of the park where the Amritsar Massacre took place?

Answer 39

Jallianwala Bagh

Question 40

What religious festival was being celebrated by Sikhs?

Answer 40

Baisakhi Day

Question 41

What did Dyer introduce in Amritsar after the massacre?

Answer 41

Martial law

Question 42

What was the name of the British investigation after the Amritsar Massacre?

Answer 42

Hunter commission

Question 43

What did the Hunter Commission conclude?

Answer 43

There was no revolutionary activity

Question 44

Who else launched an investigation into the massacre? What did it conclude?

Answer 44

Congress, and that the Raj were savage in their rule over India

Question 45

When was the Montagu-Chelmsford Report published?

Answer 45

1917

Question 46

What were the key features of the 1919 Government of India Act?

Answer 46

Dyarchy, indian control over provincial matters and very limited central govt control . Franchise was extended, but still linked to tax payments.

Question 47

What was ‘dyarchy’ and when was it abolished?

Answer 47

unequal power split between Indians and the British. It was abolished in 1935

Question 48

How did the following groups react to the Govt of India Act 1919? British Left wing British Right wing Indians

Answer 48

Left-wing British MPs - Protested that the reforms had not gone far enough. Right-wing British MPs - Losing its nerve and would soon lose India Indians - Indian members of the Civil service felt that they were losing their authority. Activists were not happy