incretin hormones

Question 1

what are incretin hormones?

Answer 1

small peptide hormones released from the GI tract in response to food intake that enhance the insulin secretory response to glucose.

Question 2

what are the two main incretins in humans?

Answer 2

glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP)

glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP-1)

Question 3

what does glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (gip) do?

Answer 3

it stimulates insulin secretion when blood glucose levels are elevated.

Question 4

where is GIP produced?

Answer 4

synthesised from proGIP in K-cells of the proximal GI tract

Question 5

what does GLP-1 do?

Answer 5

stimulates insulin secretion, decreases glucagon secretion and delays gastric emptying. decreases appetite too.

Question 6

where is GLP-1 produced?

Answer 6

synthesised from proglucagon in L-cells of the distal GI tract

Question 7

which of GIP or GLP-1 might be a god treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus?

Answer 7

GLP-1

Question 8

how does DPP-4 inactive GIP and GLP-1?

Answer 8

DPP-4 removes 2 amino acids from the N-termini fo GLP-1 and GIP.

Question 9

requirements for bariatric surgery?

Answer 9

BMI over 40, history of obesity for at least 5 years

Question 10

what is a gastric band?

Answer 10

a band with an inflatable balloon that restricts the passage of food and leads to prolonged fullness

Question 11

what is a gastric sleeve?

Answer 11

vertical sleeve by which food bypasses most of the stomach but has a normal passage down the GI tract

Question 12

what is a gastric bypass?

Answer 12

a small pouch what is separate from the stomach so food bypasses the stomach, duodenum and upper jejunum