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MD3002 > INCORRECT EXAMPREP > Flashcards

INCORRECT EXAMPREP Flashcards

1
Q

Between which layers of the anterior abdominal wall does the NVB lie?

A

Between the intermediate and innermost layers

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2
Q

The gastrocolic reflex produces an increased frequency of mass movements in the large intestine in response to distension of the stomach. The efferent limb of this reflex is mediated through which substances? (HINT: there’s 2)

A

CCK and gastrin

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3
Q

The mesentery is a fan-shaped double layered fold of peritoneum that connects the jejunum and ileum to the posterior abdominal wall. Where does the base of the mesentery proper begin?

A

Left of L2 vertebra

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4
Q

How many years of life are lost in women with BMI greater than 30 compared to a women with BMI less than 25?

A

7 years

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5
Q

Ductal cells of the pancreas are responsible for producing the aqueous component of secretions. Which cell type produces the substance that is a major stimulus for aqueous secretion?

A

S- cells (secretin)

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6
Q

Which type of neoplasm accounts for 98% of malignant tumours of the colon and rectum?

A

Adenocarcinoma

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7
Q

What is the name of the apical membrane transporter that is responsible for the absorption of fructose into the blood?

A

GLUT5

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8
Q

Which species of microbiota is most likely to be found in the duodenum?

A

Lactobacilli

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9
Q

The mid-inguinal point lies halfway between which 2 structures?

A

ASIS and pubic symphysis

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10
Q

The sigmoid mesocolon is the double-layered fold of peritoneum that connects the sigmoid colon to the posterior abdominal wall. Which structures does it cross in the left iliac fossa? (HINT: there’s 2 answers)

A
  1. bifurcation of left common iliac artery

2. left ureter

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11
Q

Ductal cells are responsible for modifying salivary secretions. In what ways do they achieve this?

A

Absorption of Na and Cl

Secretion of K and HCO3

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12
Q

Which anti-emetic drug causes massive sedation?

A

Haloperidol

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13
Q

At what point does the oesophagus pass through the diaphragm?

A

Right crus of diaphragm
7th CC
left of midline

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14
Q

What structures are carried to the hindgut along the branches of the IMA?

A

Least splanchnic nerves and parasympathetics from S2-4

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15
Q

What is the term given to the condition in which the physiological herniation of abdominal contents through the umbilicus fail to return to normal?

A

Omphalocele

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16
Q

During development the testis migrate to the scrotum with the peritoneal pouch which should remain only as the tunica vaginalis. If this region fails to close what 3 conditions may occur as a result?

A

Cytocele
Hydrocele
Indirect inguinal hernia

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17
Q

In the kidney the production of the filtrate across the glomerular filtration barrier depends on the balance of pressures. Which force is the weakest?

A

Oncotic pressure of the tubule

18
Q

Renal blood flow and hence GFR are essentially constant over a wide range of BPs. What term describes the method by which increased flow rate of sodium past the macula densa sends a paracrine message to neighbouring afferent arterioles?

A

Tubuloglomerular feedback

19
Q

A vagovagal reflex causes relaxation of the orad region of the stomach, allowing it to accommodate ingested food, Through which substance is the efferent limb of this reflex mediated?

A

VIP

20
Q

Approx what proportions (as a %) of the scottish workforce are employed in alcohol related industries?

A

6%

21
Q

The lower edge of the inguinal ligament and the lacunar ligament medially form which wall of the inguinal canal?

A

Floor

22
Q

Which type of epithelium is likely to be disrupted as a result of E. coli infection?

A

Simple columnar

23
Q

In the kidney, the production of filtrate across the glomerular filtration barrier depends on the balance of pressures. Which of the following forces is the weakest?

A

Oncotic pressure of the tubule

24
Q

In the cells of the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle, salt is actively transported OUT the tubule. In this region of the nephron, the m’ment of which ion if responsible for generating a positive potential difference that drives the m’ment of ions via a paracellular route?

A

K+ - potassium

25
Q

What antibiotic is used to treat lower urinary tract infections?

A

trimethoprim

26
Q

What anti-hypertensive is contraindicated in type II diabetes?

A

Bendrofluazide

27
Q

Glomerulonephritis is a term used to refer to several renal diseases that often have an inflammatory component. Which conditions occurs following a Streptococcus infection and manifests as nephritic syndrome?

A

Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis

28
Q

A 13 year old girl is diagnosed with chronic renal failure as a result of cystic disease. What type of renal disease is she most likely to be suffering from?

A

Uraemic medullary cystic disease

29
Q

Which ligament forms the inferior boundary of the greater sciatic foramen?

A

sacrospinous

30
Q

Which cytochrome P450 enzyme is responsible for catalysing a reaction involved in oestrogen production?

A

aromatase

31
Q

At which positions are anal cushions present?

A

3, 7 and 11 o’clock

32
Q

What is the approximate sub-angle of the female pelvis?

A

80-85%

33
Q

Which conditions can be detected during CFTS (combined 1st trimester screening programme)?

A
  • anencephaly
  • down’s syndrome
  • edward’s syndrome
  • patau’s syndrome
34
Q

At which vertebral level does the testicular artery arise?

A

L2

35
Q

Throughout life, follicles develop through phases before they become Graffian follicles. Which hormone controls the development of Graffian follicles?

A

follicle stimulating hormone

36
Q

What is the largest part of the broad ligament?

A

mesometrium

37
Q

What hormonal change predominates during the menstrual phase?

A

low steroids

38
Q

Describe the anatomy of the ovaries?

A

Each ovary is surrounded by a fibrous tunica albuginea, and covered by a specialised mesothelium, which is analogous to membranes covering other organs, such as peritoneum. Anchored medially to the uterus by the ovarian ligament, and laterally to the pelvic wall by the suspensory ligament, through which run ovarian vessels and nerves. In a woman of child-bearing age the ovary has an outer cortex containing ovarian follicles (most primordial) and an inner medulla consisting of connective tissue and BVs. The ovarian arteries emerge from the int iliac arteries, and a pampiniform plexus of veins drains into the uterine plexus

39
Q

What type of breast cancer would herceptin be an optimal treatment?

A

Epidermal growth factor receptor positive tumour

40
Q

In which section of the male urethra do 15-20 ducts open into?

A

Prostatic

MD3002 (14 decks)

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