Incontinence

Question 1

Is incontinence more common in men or women?

Answer 1

Women

Question 2

Name extrinsic factors causing incontinence

Answer 2

Physical state and co-morbidities
Reduced mobility
Confusion (delirium or dementia)
Drinking too much or at the wrong time
Diuretics
Constipation
Home circumstances
Social circumstances

Question 3

Name 2 functions of the bladder

Answer 3

Urine storage

Voluntary voiding

Question 4

What is the name of the smooth muscle of the bladder?

Answer 4

Detrusor muscle

Question 5

Internal urethral sphincter - smooth or skeletal muscle?

Answer 5

Smooth

Question 6

External urethral sphincter - smooth or skeletal?

Answer 6

Skeletal

Question 7

What is the most common form of incontinence?

Answer 7

Stress incontinence - bladder outlet too weak

Question 8

What is the pathology in urge incontinence?

Answer 8

Detrusor muscle is too strong and contracts at low volumes

Question 9

What are the treatments for stress incontinence?

Answer 9

Physiotherapy (Kegel exercises)
Oestrogen cream
Duloxetine (SSRI)

Question 10

What are the treatments for urinary retention (bladder outlet too strong)?

Answer 10

Alpha blocker (relaxes IUS)
Anti-androgen (shrinks prostate)
Catheterisation

Question 11

What are the treatments for urge incontinence?

Answer 11

Anti-muscarinics

Bladder re-training

Question 12

What is meant by a neuropathic bladder?

Answer 12

Underactive bladder (no treatment)