Incontinence

Question 1

transient causes of incontinence

Answer 1

• Delirium
• Infection – urinary symptomatic
• Atrophic urethritis/vaginitis
• Pharmaceutical/prostate
• Psychological, especially depression
• Endocrine (or excess fluid intake/output)
• Restricted mobility
• Stool impaction

Question 2

stress incontinence

Answer 2

Involuntary urinary leakage on effort or exertion, sneezing, or coughing

Question 3

urge incontinence

Answer 3

Involuntary leakage accompanied by or immediately preceded by urgency

Question 4

mixed incontinence

Answer 4

Involuntary leakage associated with urgency and also with exertion, effort, sneezing, or coughing

Question 5

overflow incontinence

Answer 5

Leakage owing to bladder outflow obstruction of any cause resulting in large post-void residual volume

Question 6

functional incontinence

Answer 6

Incontinence resulting from an inability to reach or use the toilet in time (for example, poor mobility, cognitive impairment)

Question 7

investigations

Answer 7

• Post void bladder scan
• Bladder Diaries
• Consider PSA, U&Es, glucose
• Urodynamic studies - Not before starting conservative management
• Consider before surgery / failure of Rx