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CA1: Dispensing > Incompatibilities > Flashcards

Incompatibilities Flashcards

1
Q

Types of Physical Incompatibility

A

Incomplete Solution
Precipitation
SEPARATION OF IMMISCIBLE LIQUIDS
LIQUEFACTION OF SOLID INGREDIENTS (EUTEXIA)
INCORRECT FORM PRESCRIBED
GELATINIZATION

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2
Q

Mucilaginous, albuminous substances and some metallic salts are precipitated from aqueous solution by the addition of __________

A

alcohol

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3
Q

Camphor in camphor water and volatile oils are precipitated from aromatic waters when ____________are dissolved in the liquid

A

metallic salts

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4
Q

Boric acid is precipitated when ____________ is added in a saturated solution

A

tragacanth

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5
Q

Colloidal solutions show precipitation on addition of _____________

A

electrolytes

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6
Q

Precipitation Examples:

A

Mucilaginous, albuminous substances and some metallic salts + Alcohol
Camphor and volatile oils + metallic salts
Boric Acid + Tragacanth
Colloidal soln + electrolytes

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7
Q

Oils dissolved in alcohol separate with the addition of water

A

SEPARATION OF IMMISCIBLE LIQUIDS

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8
Q

Spirit of ethyl nitrate + potassium citrate =

A

SEPARATION OF IMMISCIBLE LIQUIDS (separation and layering)

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9
Q

lowering of the melting point when two ingredients are mixed and tend to liquefy

A

Eutexia

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10
Q

Example of intentional eutexia

A

Camphor + menthol

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11
Q

Example: Alkaloid salt to be dissolved in liquid petrolatum

A

INCORRECT FORM PRESCRIBED

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12
Q

Solution of acacia is gelatinized by the addition of ________

A

ferric salts

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13
Q

Collodion is gelatinized by _______

A

phenol

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14
Q

Ability to exist in several or different crystalline form

A

Polymorphism

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15
Q

Waterloss

A

Ointment -> Crumbling
Emulsions -> Crackling
Gels -> Syneresis

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16
Q

Compounds considered SOLUBLE

A

Acetates
Nitrates
Sodium Salts
Sulfates (except Ba, Sr, Pb, Ag)
K salts (except barbiturates)
Chlorides (except silver, mercurous)

17
Q

Compounds considered INSOLUBLE

A

Carbonates and Phosphates (except alkalis)

18
Q

Occurs instantaneously upon compounding

A

IMMEDIATE INCOMPATIBILITIES

19
Q

IMMEDIATE INCOMPATIBILITIES examples

A

o Effervescence (bubbling) o Precipitation
o Color changes
o Explosion

20
Q

DELAYED INCOMPATIBILITIES

A

Occur without appreciable visible change/immediate
physical evidence of change

21
Q

Rx is dispensed if used up before about _______ of the
therapeutic activity is lost

A

10%

22
Q

epinephrine turns to pink to brown ppt

A

oxidation

23
Q

Silver, mercury, and gold salts may be _________ by
light to the metallic form.

A

reduced

24
Q

Conversion of an optically active form to an optically inactive form without changing chemical constitution

A

Racemization

25
Q

Thalidomide: R or S

A

Racemization

26
Q

Tretinoin: iso or trans

A

Geometric isomerism

27
Q

Example of chemical precipitation

A

Tannates + iron
Opium + lead solution
Iron + salicylates
Alkaloids from KI or Mercuric Chloride (Mayer’s reagent)
Green crystals of isonitroso antipyrine

28
Q

Effervescence

A

EVOLUTION OF GAS

29
Q

Na2[Fe(CN)5NO]Na Nitroprusside (potent vasodilator),
Vitamin B2, Nifedipine

A

PHOTOCHEMICAL DEGRADATION

30
Q

produces effervescence or explosion with tannins or with oil of turpentine

A

Strong nitric acid

31
Q

____________ explode with organic matter or oxidizable inorganic matter like sulfur and carbon

A

oxidizing agents

32
Q

______________ may explode heated above 100􏱡C or
when combined with nitrates, chromates, or permanganates

A

Hypophosphites

33
Q

__________ may explode when treated with ammonia or with oil of turpentine.

A

Iodine

34
Q

Acacia + Bi salts

A

Cementation

35
Q

KI + Hg2Cl2 (calomel), in the presence of moisture
􏱢 Hg+2

A

Toxic

36
Q

morphine + atropine
Opium + calomel

A

intentional or beneficial incompatibilities example

37
Q

Emetine + antimony
Epinephrine + cocaine
Castor oil or fixed oil + santonin or aspidium
oleoresin

A

increase toxicity

38
Q

COMBINATIONS LIABLE TO PRODUCE THERAPEUTIC INCOMPATIBILITIES

A

Sedatives + stimulants
Demulcents + irritants
Laxative + astringents
Strychnine + barbital derivatives
Caffeine + chloral hydrate
(sedative; knockout drug)
Atropine + morphine
Tannin + aloin

39
Q
A

CA1: Dispensing (3 decks)

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