Incompatibilities

Question 1

Types of Physical Incompatibility

Answer 1

Incomplete Solution
Precipitation
SEPARATION OF IMMISCIBLE LIQUIDS
LIQUEFACTION OF SOLID INGREDIENTS (EUTEXIA)
INCORRECT FORM PRESCRIBED
GELATINIZATION

Question 2

Mucilaginous, albuminous substances and some metallic salts are precipitated from aqueous solution by the addition of __________

Answer 2

alcohol

Question 3

Camphor in camphor water and volatile oils are precipitated from aromatic waters when ____________are dissolved in the liquid

Answer 3

metallic salts

Question 4

Boric acid is precipitated when ____________ is added in a saturated solution

Answer 4

tragacanth

Question 5

Colloidal solutions show precipitation on addition of _____________

Answer 5

electrolytes

Question 6

Precipitation Examples:

Answer 6

Mucilaginous, albuminous substances and some metallic salts + Alcohol
Camphor and volatile oils + metallic salts
Boric Acid + Tragacanth
Colloidal soln + electrolytes

Question 7

Oils dissolved in alcohol separate with the addition of water

Answer 7

SEPARATION OF IMMISCIBLE LIQUIDS

Question 8

Spirit of ethyl nitrate + potassium citrate =

Answer 8

SEPARATION OF IMMISCIBLE LIQUIDS (separation and layering)

Question 9

lowering of the melting point when two ingredients are mixed and tend to liquefy

Answer 9

Eutexia

Question 10

Example of intentional eutexia

Answer 10

Camphor + menthol

Question 11

Example: Alkaloid salt to be dissolved in liquid petrolatum

Answer 11

INCORRECT FORM PRESCRIBED

Question 12

Solution of acacia is gelatinized by the addition of ________

Answer 12

ferric salts

Question 13

Collodion is gelatinized by _______

Answer 13

phenol

Question 14

Ability to exist in several or different crystalline form

Answer 14

Polymorphism

Question 15

Waterloss

Answer 15

Ointment -> Crumbling
Emulsions -> Crackling
Gels -> Syneresis

Question 16

Compounds considered SOLUBLE

Answer 16

Acetates
Nitrates
Sodium Salts
Sulfates (except Ba, Sr, Pb, Ag)
K salts (except barbiturates)
Chlorides (except silver, mercurous)

Question 17

Compounds considered INSOLUBLE

Answer 17

Carbonates and Phosphates (except alkalis)

Question 18

Occurs instantaneously upon compounding

Answer 18

IMMEDIATE INCOMPATIBILITIES

Question 19

IMMEDIATE INCOMPATIBILITIES examples

Answer 19

o Effervescence (bubbling) o Precipitation
o Color changes
o Explosion

Question 20

DELAYED INCOMPATIBILITIES

Answer 20

Occur without appreciable visible change/immediate
physical evidence of change

Question 21

Rx is dispensed if used up before about _______ of the
therapeutic activity is lost

Answer 21

10%

Question 22

epinephrine turns to pink to brown ppt

Answer 22

oxidation

Question 23

Silver, mercury, and gold salts may be _________ by
light to the metallic form.

Answer 23

reduced

Question 24

Conversion of an optically active form to an optically inactive form without changing chemical constitution

Answer 24

Racemization

Question 25

Thalidomide: R or S

Answer 25

Racemization

Question 26

Tretinoin: iso or trans

Answer 26

Geometric isomerism

Question 27

Example of chemical precipitation

Answer 27

Tannates + iron Opium + lead solution Iron + salicylates Alkaloids from KI or Mercuric Chloride (Mayer's reagent) Green crystals of isonitroso antipyrine

Question 28

Effervescence

Answer 28

EVOLUTION OF GAS

Question 29

Na2[Fe(CN)5NO]Na Nitroprusside (potent vasodilator), Vitamin B2, Nifedipine

Answer 29

PHOTOCHEMICAL DEGRADATION

Question 30

produces effervescence or explosion with tannins or with oil of turpentine

Answer 30

Strong nitric acid

Question 31

____________ explode with organic matter or oxidizable inorganic matter like sulfur and carbon

Answer 31

oxidizing agents

Question 32

______________ may explode heated above 100􏱡C or when combined with nitrates, chromates, or permanganates

Answer 32

Hypophosphites

Question 33

__________ may explode when treated with ammonia or with oil of turpentine.

Answer 33

Iodine

Question 34

Acacia + Bi salts

Answer 34

Cementation

Question 35

KI + Hg2Cl2 (calomel), in the presence of moisture 􏱢 Hg+2

Answer 35

Toxic

Question 36

morphine + atropine Opium + calomel

Answer 36

intentional or beneficial incompatibilities example

Question 37

Emetine + antimony Epinephrine + cocaine Castor oil or fixed oil + santonin or aspidium oleoresin

Answer 37

increase toxicity

Question 38

COMBINATIONS LIABLE TO PRODUCE THERAPEUTIC INCOMPATIBILITIES

Answer 38

Sedatives + stimulants Demulcents + irritants Laxative + astringents Strychnine + barbital derivatives Caffeine + chloral hydrate (sedative; knockout drug) Atropine + morphine Tannin + aloin