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Food Chemistry 2 Quiz > Incidental Additives > Flashcards

Incidental Additives Flashcards

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1
Q

What are some examples for the control of weeds

A

herbicides, insecticides, rodenticides, nematocides

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2
Q

What are categories of pesticides?

A

Oragnochloride (fat soluble)
Carbamates (fat soluble)
Organophosphate

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3
Q

What are some benefit sof pesticides?

A
  • Reduced food loses
  • increase yeild quantity and quality
  • food costs are lowered
  • incr profit for farmers
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4
Q

Disadvantges

A
  • production costs
  • health
  • environment
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5
Q

Location of pesticides in the environment?

A

Fish/shellfish
grain, nuts, vegetables, fruit
dairy, meat

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6
Q

What are the harmful effects of organochlorines?

A

CNS, GI disorders, headaches, convulsions, paralysis

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7
Q

What are the harmful effects of carbamates?

A

Acetylcholinesterase inhibition

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8
Q

What are the harmful effects of Organophosphates?

A

acetylcholinesterase inhibition, affects CNS–> GI disorders, headaches, convulsions, paralysis

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9
Q

What are the characteristics of PCBs?

A

Most durable organic materials. Components of industrial products, insulators, transformers, plastics

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10
Q

What are harmful effects of PCBs?

A

Believed to cuase GI disorders, organ (liver) damage.

Accumulate in fatty tissue of mammals

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11
Q

Chracteristics of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

A

Prevalent in atmosphere- woodsmoke, autoemissions.
Widespread in foods like bbq, charcoal broiled foods, dairy (cheese), fish, wildlife
Types of food contributed to group of additives depends on quantity of food product consumed - varies place to place

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12
Q

What are the adverse effects of PAH?

A

Similar to PCBs - GI, organ/tissue damage, tumor incidence

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13
Q

Characteristics of Antibiotics

A

Compounds that act to control growth and metabolism of MO

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14
Q

Whereare antibiotics produced?

A

1) Naturally present in food ( aminoglycosides)
2) Produced in food during processing (penicillium, nisin)
3) Administered to food animals either to treat disease or prevent onset

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15
Q

What is a problem with antibiotic use?

A

Antibiotic resistance in humans remain concern

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16
Q

What are Mycotoxins? Most common?

A

Fungal toxins. Aflatoxin best known in improperly dried grains/cereal
- aspergillus flavus/parasiticus destroyed by heat rocessing if present

17
Q

What are the harmful effects of Mycotoxins?

A

Carcinogenic

18
Q

What are Heavy Metals?

A

Metals with relatively high densities (5g/ml) and higer atomic numbers
Common examples: known to be harmful : Pb, Cd,As, Hg, Cr, Cd

19
Q

How to Heavy Metals work?

A

Act by binding to SH groups in various enzymes in inactivate those enzymes - metabolic processes are impaired and this manifests in various disorders

20
Q

What are the harmful effects of heavy metals?

A

inactivate enzyme and result in various disorders : GI , headache

21
Q

What is Asbestos

A

Refers to group of silicate minerals.Are durable and inert and insulating properties
Used extensively as filters in brewing industry to exhale yeast cells
Insulation build up materials
Pipes - water transport system

22
Q

Where is asbestos banned?

A

Canada, UK. Aus, NZ

Not banned in US, Vietnam, Russia

23
Q

What is Asbestos linked to cause?

A

Cancer

24
Q

What is Radioactive Fallout

A

Due to radioisotopes produced form nuclear fission. Thus predominant in environment where nuclear accidents testing locations

25
Q

What are the harmful effects of radioisotopes?

A

Absorbed through the skin (human, animal) to pose radiation hazard - damage to biological molecular (nucleic acid)

26
Q

What is Scombroid toxin?

A

Commonly found in cold fleshed fish like tuna, mackarel, anchoives
Esepcially in the summer months

27
Q

What produces the scombroid toxin?

A

BActeria naturally present in species release the enzyme histidine decarboxylase to cause decarboxylation of histidine to form histamine

28
Q

Harmful effects of scombroid toxin

A

high levels of histamine in fish flesh = rashes, nausea, headaches, GI

29
Q

What is Ciguatera Toxin

A

Microorganisms (dinoflagellate algae) produce ciguatera toxins in fish of tropical fish species in coral reefs

30
Q

Can you destroy ciguatera toxin with heat?

A

No, it is fat soluble and not destroyed with cooking

31
Q

What are the health problems with the toxin?

A

similar to scombroid

Food Chemistry 2 Quiz (2 decks)

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