In Progress: Student-Made Deck: Anatomy Flashcards
What is the main purpose of the circulatory system?
Transport gases and substances throughout the body.
What are the two sections of the skeletal system?
axial and appendicular
What are the four components in blood?
Red Blood cells, White Blood cells, platelets, and Plasma
What causes spongy bone to be light but very strong?
It’s not solid; it’s porous (has air pockets) which makes it lighter, but still able to handle heavy loads.
What are the two types of bone marrow?
red and yellow
What does plasma contain?
Glucose, nutrients, and proteins
What are the two main components of the nervous system?
Glial Cells and Neurons
What is the universal form of energy used by cells in the body?
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
What is the primary moving muscle in a motion called?
The agonist
What is the muscle that resists the motion of the primary mover called?
The antagonist
What determines the blood type of an individual?
The specific antigens and agglutinates on the red blood cells.
Which side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood?
The right side (Right=Returning from the body)
Which carries oxygenated blood throughout the body: arteries or veins?
Arteries (Arteries carry blood Away)
How are capillaries different than veins and arteries?
They are only one cell thick to allow for gas exchange
What are the five shapes/forms of bone?
Flat, long, short, irregular, and sesamoid
What is the process of sending a signal from or through a neuron called?
An action potential
The four components of the skeletal system are bone, tendons, ________, and ___________.
ligaments and cartilage
What are the four tissue types?
muscular, connective, epithelial, nervous
What kind of tissue is blood?
connective
What are the three types of muscle tissue?
smooth, cardiac, and skeletal
What are the two loops of the circulatory system called?
The pulmonary loop (brings blood from the body through the heart to the lungs and back) and the systemic loop (brings blood from the heart to the body and back to the heart)
What is the purpose of the endocrine system?
It secretes hormones to maintain homeostasis and control body processes
What are the two types of hormones?
steroid and non-steroid hormones
What is the functional difference between steroid hormones and nonsteroid hormones?
Steroid hormones can pass through cell membranes without assistance; non-steroid hormones cannot
How does the endocrine system regulate a response to a stimulus, like high blood sugar?
It uses a negative feedback loop, which means it produces a hormone in response until the stimulus is reduced, which signals the endocrine system to slow down/stop.
What “gland” is simultaneously a part of the nervous system and the control center for the endocrine system?
The hypothalamus
Which gland is responsible for HGH (human growth hormone)?
The pituitary (anterior)
Which gland is primarily responsible for managing blood sugar and assisting in the digestion process?
the pancreas
Which gland is responsible for regulating the day/night cycle with melatonin and serotonin?
The pineal
Which gland regulates blood calcium?
The parathyroid
Which gland controls cell metabolism?
The thryoid
Which gland assists the immune system by helping with the creation of white blood cells?
The thymus
Adrenaline (epinephrine and norepinephrine) and cortisol are regulated by _________
The adrenals
The ovaries produce which primary hormones?
Progesterone and estrogen
The testes produce which primary hormone?
Testosterone
What are the three macromolecules of carbs, fats, and proteins broken down into?
Proteins=amino acids
Carbs=sugars
Fats=Lipids
What is the difference between mechanical and chemical digestion?
Mechanical refers to physical/manual breakdown of food (chewing, crushing), chemical refers to the use of enzymes and acids to break food down further into useful material
What are the 3 main functions of the digestive system?
To break down food into usable material, to absorb nutrients into the bloodstream, and to expel waste
What is the purpose of the epiglottis?
To stop food from accidentally entering the respiratory system through the trachea
What is the purpose of the small intestine?
To finish digestion and absorb nutrients into the bloodstream
What is the purpose of the large intestine?
To reabsorb water from remaining digested material and prepare/send waste to the rectum
