In Practice Flashcards
What is it?
Hybrid nature and human science: psychological, biological, and social (PBS)
2 clear distinguish groups of research and practice
Traditional health psychology- work within and positivist framework typically producing social cognition models and not seeing political issues
Critical health psychology- step outside traditional limits is the discipline and engage with browser social theories (within constructionist framework)
Social cognition models
Theory of planned behaviour
- attitude( belief& outcome)
- subjective norm ( normative beliefs and motivation to comply)
- perceived behavioural control
- behavioural intention
Areas in health psychology
- health risk behaviours
- health enhancing behaviours
- modifying health beliefs
- influencing delivery of health care
- psychological aspects of illness
Main theories
Cognitive models:
health belief model HBM
protection motivation theory PMT
Stage models:
Transtheoretical model TTM
Precaution adaption process model PAPM
Social cognitive model:
Health action process approach HAPA
HAPA
- by Ralf Schwarzer
- theory of health behaviour
- change and to promote health enhancing behaviours
- predicts changes in health behaviours ( quitting smoking, seat belt use, & conform use)
- intention> behaviour change (self-efficacy, outcome expectancies, and risk perception)
- coping self-efficacy & action control (planning when, where, and how)
HAPA principles (5)
1) behaviours change can be divided into 2 phases ( motivation phase: goal setting & Volition phase: goal pursuit)
2) volition phase can be subdivided resulting in 3 groups ( non-intenders, intenders,& actors)
3) planning operates as a mediator
4) planning can be divided into action and coping planning ( action: when, where, and how to act & Coping: how to cope with barriers)
5) self-efficacy differs across phases
( action, coping,& recovery self-efficacy)
HBM
- originated in the 1950s from the work of social psychologists & witnessed few people were participating in preventive and disease detection programs
- used to predict health related behaviours
- constructs of it ( perceived severity, perceived benefits, self-efficacy, cues to action, perceived barriers, & perceived susceptibility)
- used for behavioural research
- used for primary prevention ( promoting helmet use and decreasing tanning bed use etc)
- used for secondary prevention ( breasts self-examination, medication compliance,& prostate cancer screening etc)
Constructs of HBM: Susceptibility
- the Belief that a woes on has with regard to acquiring a disease or reaching a handful state as a result of participating behaviour
Constructs if HBM: perceived severity
A persons subjective belief in the extent of harm that can result from the disease or harmful state as a result of a particular behaviour ( eating a lot of fast food= cardiovascular problems)
Constructs of HBM: perceived benefits
Belief in the advantage of the methods suggested for reducing the risk or seriousness of the disease or harmful state resulting from a particular behaviour ( the more I exercise= more muscular)
Contracts of the HBM: perceived barriers
Beliefs concerning the actual and imagines cogs of the new behaviour ( I want to work out but I’m tired)
Constructs of the HBM: cues to action
The precipitating forces that make a person feel the need to take action ( I’ll lose weight if I stop eating fatty foods )
Constructs of the HBM: self-efficacy
The confidence a person has in his or her ability to peruse a behaviour ( I can eat more healthily)
TTM
- when someone is not ready to change> thinking about change> persisting with behaviour
- stages of model 5 : pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance
1) pre-contemplation: “not ready” unlikely to engage in the near future & is encouraged to think about positive and negative behaviour
May be down and defensive to change lifestyle
2) contemplation: “ getting ready”
Intention to engage in healthy behaviour
May try to avoid action
May think of attempting a new behaviour but show no action
3) preparation: “ready”
Takes gradual steps in their everyday life
(May take small amount of exercise but not enough for benefits)
4) action: “doing the behaviour”
Need to keep working hard
Enhance commitment
5) maintenance: “ changed age sustained behaviour”
Encouraged to share experiences and seek support from other people who work in life healthy ways
Important to be self aware
Feel competent to overcome barriers
Common sense model of illness CSM
Focuses on how people make sense of health threats and symptoms and how these guide coping responses
Involved in the processes:
Cognitive representations, affective reactions, contextual factors
Strengths
Role of emotion
Strong role do environmental factors
Dynamic not just predictive
Acknowledge that beliefs or perceptions about symptoms based on:
Past experiences
Lay knowledge
Information from friends, family, media, HCPs
