In Practice Flashcards
What is it?
Hybrid nature and human science: psychological, biological, and social (PBS)
2 clear distinguish groups of research and practice
Traditional health psychology- work within and positivist framework typically producing social cognition models and not seeing political issues
Critical health psychology- step outside traditional limits is the discipline and engage with browser social theories (within constructionist framework)
Social cognition models
Theory of planned behaviour
- attitude( belief& outcome)
- subjective norm ( normative beliefs and motivation to comply)
- perceived behavioural control
- behavioural intention
Areas in health psychology
- health risk behaviours
- health enhancing behaviours
- modifying health beliefs
- influencing delivery of health care
- psychological aspects of illness
Main theories
Cognitive models:
health belief model HBM
protection motivation theory PMT
Stage models:
Transtheoretical model TTM
Precaution adaption process model PAPM
Social cognitive model:
Health action process approach HAPA
HAPA
- by Ralf Schwarzer
- theory of health behaviour
- change and to promote health enhancing behaviours
- predicts changes in health behaviours ( quitting smoking, seat belt use, & conform use)
- intention> behaviour change (self-efficacy, outcome expectancies, and risk perception)
- coping self-efficacy & action control (planning when, where, and how)
HAPA principles (5)
1) behaviours change can be divided into 2 phases ( motivation phase: goal setting & Volition phase: goal pursuit)
2) volition phase can be subdivided resulting in 3 groups ( non-intenders, intenders,& actors)
3) planning operates as a mediator
4) planning can be divided into action and coping planning ( action: when, where, and how to act & Coping: how to cope with barriers)
5) self-efficacy differs across phases
( action, coping,& recovery self-efficacy)
HBM
- originated in the 1950s from the work of social psychologists & witnessed few people were participating in preventive and disease detection programs
- used to predict health related behaviours
- constructs of it ( perceived severity, perceived benefits, self-efficacy, cues to action, perceived barriers, & perceived susceptibility)
- used for behavioural research
- used for primary prevention ( promoting helmet use and decreasing tanning bed use etc)
- used for secondary prevention ( breasts self-examination, medication compliance,& prostate cancer screening etc)
Constructs of HBM: Susceptibility
- the Belief that a woes on has with regard to acquiring a disease or reaching a handful state as a result of participating behaviour
Constructs if HBM: perceived severity
A persons subjective belief in the extent of harm that can result from the disease or harmful state as a result of a particular behaviour ( eating a lot of fast food= cardiovascular problems)
Constructs of HBM: perceived benefits
Belief in the advantage of the methods suggested for reducing the risk or seriousness of the disease or harmful state resulting from a particular behaviour ( the more I exercise= more muscular)
Contracts of the HBM: perceived barriers
Beliefs concerning the actual and imagines cogs of the new behaviour ( I want to work out but I’m tired)
Constructs of the HBM: cues to action
The precipitating forces that make a person feel the need to take action ( I’ll lose weight if I stop eating fatty foods )
Constructs of the HBM: self-efficacy
The confidence a person has in his or her ability to peruse a behaviour ( I can eat more healthily)
TTM
- when someone is not ready to change> thinking about change> persisting with behaviour
- stages of model 5 : pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance
1) pre-contemplation: “not ready” unlikely to engage in the near future & is encouraged to think about positive and negative behaviour
May be down and defensive to change lifestyle
2) contemplation: “ getting ready”
Intention to engage in healthy behaviour
May try to avoid action
May think of attempting a new behaviour but show no action
3) preparation: “ready”
Takes gradual steps in their everyday life
(May take small amount of exercise but not enough for benefits)
4) action: “doing the behaviour”
Need to keep working hard
Enhance commitment
5) maintenance: “ changed age sustained behaviour”
Encouraged to share experiences and seek support from other people who work in life healthy ways
Important to be self aware
Feel competent to overcome barriers
