In English

Question 1

Abstraction

Answer 1

In the context of OOP it’s a selection of most important and relevant properties and characteristics of an object, sufficient to represent it in some kind of system.

Question 2

Parametric polymorphism

Answer 2

Semantic property of a type system that allows to process values of different types in an identical way, that is, physically execute the same code for data of different types.

Question 3

Ad-hoc polymorphism

Answer 3

Semantic property of a type system that allows you to define one interface for potentially different code. In other words, ad-hoc polymorphism is about the concept “One interface - many implementations”. In practice it implies usage of late binding mechanizm to call different virtual methods implementations of different objects with the same base type.

Question 4

Inheritance

Answer 4

A property of a system that allows us to define a new type based on an already existing one, with full or partial borrowing of its behavior and properties.

Question 5

Encapsulation

Answer 5

Grouping of data and methods, to work with this data, into a class in a way that hides implementation details, but provides some interface to work with instances of the class.

Question 6

Serialization

Answer 6

Is a process of converting an object into a stream of bytes for further storage or transfer.

Question 7

VCS

Answer 7

Is a software that allows you to capture changes in a file or set of files over time, to enable switching between their different versions.

Question 8

JPA

Answer 8

Is a Java specification that describes a management system for saving java objects to relational database tables in a convenient form.

Question 9

Refactoring

Answer 9

Is a change made to internal structure of software to make it easier to understand and cheaper to modify without altering its observable behavior.

Question 10

Value object

Answer 10

An object that is entirely defined through it’s data values. We compare those objects through equality methods.

Question 11

Reference object

Answer 11

An object that represents one, unique entity of the real world. Identity field is usually used to check such objects for equality.

Question 12

Variance

Answer 12

Transferring of inheritance relationship between types to their derivative types, such as containers, delegates and basically everything that has a formal type parameter.

Question 13

Strong typing

Answer 13

A typing system in which both values and variables have their types defined at compile time.

Question 14

Weak typing

Answer 14

A typing system in which variables have no types at compile time. Instead, they’re bound to type of a value assigned to them in runtime.

Question 15

Trampoline

Answer 15

A way to make non-tail recursive functions stack-safe.

Question 16

Referential transparency

Answer 16

An expression E is referentially transparent with regard to a program P if every occurrence of E in P can be replaced by the result of evaluating E without affecting the meaning of P.