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Exercise Physiology > in class review questions for test 2 > Flashcards

in class review questions for test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

the heart is 2 pumps, the right pump is responsible for circulating blood where?

A

the lungs

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2
Q

to the lungs with what vessels?

A

pulmonary arteries

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3
Q

why are the pulmonary arteries unique?

A

they carry deoxygenated blood

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4
Q

blood returns to which chamber of the heart

A

left atrium

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5
Q

returns to left atrium by what vessels?

A

pulmonary veins

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6
Q

why are pulmonary veins unique ?

A

they carry oxygenated blood

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7
Q

ultimate purpose of cardiovascular system

A

get blood into capillaries

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8
Q

arteries close to heart are characterized as

A

elastic

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9
Q

the arteries have capacity to do what

A

stretch and expand

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10
Q

2 phases of cardiac cycle, active phase is what

A

systole

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11
Q

what happens during systole?

A

heart is beating

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12
Q

when tracing a drop of blood from right atrium, it passes through a valve referred as

A

right atrioventricular valve

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13
Q

other name besides right AV valve is

A

tricuspid valve

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14
Q

when it passes through valve, it then enters

A

right ventricle

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15
Q

it fills right ventricle to

A

70%

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16
Q

once filled by 70% what happens next

A

atria contracts

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17
Q

after atria contracts, result is

A

fills remaining 30% of blood

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18
Q

when ventricle contracts, it must overcome what pressure?

A

diastolic pressure

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19
Q

diastolic pressure is where

A

pulmonary artery

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20
Q

when this pressure is overcome, what valve opens?

A

pulmonary semilunar valve

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21
Q

when heart beats, it is critical that all fibers contract at same time, this is made possible by what in heart tissue?

A

intercalated discs

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22
Q

in contrast, skeletal muscle fibers should not all contract at once. each skeletal muscle has its own individual

A

nerve supply

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23
Q

when measuring BP, the cuff is inflated to a level that

A

closes the artery

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24
Q

the cuff is reduced and the 1st sound heard. what causes the sound?

A

artery flashes open

25
Q

the pressure where first sound occurs is the

A

systolic

26
Q

at the end of the measurements what happens

A

the sound disappears

27
Q

primary control of HR arises from

A

SA node

28
Q

external control can arise from the —– which accelerates HR

A

sympathetic nervous system

29
Q

at the very beginning of exercise, HR accelerates immediately bc what happens

A

parasympathetic nervous system stops

30
Q

where are the baroreceptors located?

A

in the bifurcation/split of carotid artery

31
Q

baroreceptors monitor BP to ensure

A

adequate blood flow to the brain

32
Q

if BP drops, baroreceptors send signal to

A

cardiovascular control center

33
Q

if BP drops what needs to happen

A

needs to be increase in pressure. CCC tells SNS to increase HR

34
Q

need HR to go up. know impulse is done by CCC. if HR needs to go up it is accomplished by sending a message through the

A

sympathetic nervous system

35
Q

this is all an example of

A

physiologic control system

36
Q

if operating effectively, it is operating as a

A

negative feedback loop

37
Q

in average sized male, resting cardiac output is approx

A

5 L

38
Q

BP in veins is very low because —- empties into veins

A

capillaries

39
Q

in order to circulate venous blood to vessels below heart, it needs help. what is one way we are providing help to these vessels below the heart

A

one way valves

40
Q

in addition, there may be vasoconstriction and help from

A

muscle pumps

41
Q

when it comes to VO2 max. huge factor is ability to deliver oxygen which is determined by central component comprised primarily of

A

cardiac output

42
Q

ability to utilize oxygen is determined by peripheral component composed of 3 factors:

A

mitochondria, myoglobin, and capillaries

43
Q

SV is controlled by several factors including amount of ventricular filling determined by

A

venous return

44
Q

venous return to heart finishes with

A

EDV

45
Q

electrical activity of heart begins with pacemaker called

A

sinoatrial node

46
Q

from sinoatrial node it then goes to

A

AV node

47
Q

from AV node it goes to

A

AV bundle

48
Q

from AV bundle it goes to

A

AV bundle branches

49
Q

from AV bundle branches it goes to

A

perkinge fibers

50
Q

according to who’s law, when cardiac muscle fibers are stretched, something happens

A

frank starling law

51
Q

what happens as a result of frank starlings law

A

greater contraction

52
Q

when ventricles contract, they empty by

A

70%

53
Q

when ventricles contract and empty, this is called

A

ejection fraction

54
Q

the packed volume of cells in blood is known as

A

hematocrit

55
Q

typically what % of blood

A

45-50%

56
Q

blood boosting/doping uses

A

EPO

57
Q

EPO is released from

A

kidneys

58
Q

EPO acts to

A

increase RBC production

Exercise Physiology (3 decks)

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