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Jew > In class exercise > Flashcards

In class exercise Flashcards

1
Q

The Babylonian Exile

A

597-538 BCE (neobabylonian empire’s conquest)

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2
Q

the kuzari

A

-a book of Jewish philosophy written by rabbi Haleri
-Discussions on faith, reason, revelation and the role of Jewish people
-engages philosophical and theological debates

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3
Q

Tzedaka

A

-refers to the religious obligation to do what is right
-charity rich or poor

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4
Q

thirteen principles of faith

A

1566 CE
derived from Torah (Rambam)
serve as foundations of Jewish theology and practice
Affirms devotion & God is creator

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5
Q

karaites

A

Seek to understand Torah as ancient Hebrews did
Reject oral law
Go by plain/most obvious meaning in Torah

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6
Q

amoraim

A

scholars that played a crucial role in transmitting the Oral Torah
Then, interpreted the Mishnah, leading to the Talmud

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7
Q

Rabbi Yehuda Halevi

A

Authored the Kuzari
One of the greatest Hebrew poets/scholars
died on journey to Holy Land

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8
Q

Book of Zohar

A

-religious text of Kabbalah
-discusses the nature of god, which humans and the universe works

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9
Q

Pharisees

A

-emphasized strict observance of rites based on written law
-165-160 BC
-priestly purity

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10
Q

Midrash

A

links current specific events to the words of the Torah

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11
Q

Halachah

A

Jewish laws based on the written and oral Torah
-613 commandments

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12
Q

Kosher

A

defines which foods a person can/can’t eat, and also how they should produce and handle certain foods

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13
Q

Kabbalah

A

Seeks to explore the deeper, hidden meaning of the Torah and the universe (think velvet)

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14
Q

The House of Hillel

A

-era of second temple
-A school of Jewish law, founded by scholar Hillel
-helped develop mishnah and torah

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15
Q

Mikveh

A

-ritual bath, obtain purity before significant events
-emphasizes spiritual and physical renewal

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16
Q

Essenes

A

-conservative Jewish sect during Second Jewish Temple Period
-strict laws
-emphasized ritual purity

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17
Q

Aramaic

A

-Semitic language
-Main language of Assynan empire
-used in Mesopotamia areas

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18
Q

Kavanah

A

-mysiticism
-refers to the worshipper’s state of mind and heart during religious practices,
-signifies devotion in prayer

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19
Q

Yehuda Ha-Nasi

A

-Judah the Prince, Davidic lineage
-editor of the Mishnah
-work happened while Rome occupied Judea

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20
Q

Minyan

A

-the 10 jewish adults required for specific religious obligations
-Abraham pleads with God not to destroy the city of Sodam if there are at least ten righteous believers present

21
Q

Family Purity Laws

A

-when a woman has her period, she becomes a niddah
-Post-period she does a mikveh
-emphasizes “rital purity” in marriage

22
Q

Tanach

A

3 main sections of Jewish scripture:
1. torah (god, moses)
2. prophets (God’s message to people)
3. writings (wisdom, history)

23
Q

Mishnah

A

-200 CE
-first major written collection of Jewish oral traditions
-serves as foundation for talmud

24
Q

Oral Torah

A

-compliments Tanach, told by Jewish sages and scholars
-laws, commentaries, traditions, and explanations for guidance

25
Q

The Guide for the Perplexed

A

-by Moses maimonnides
-Addresses religion, science, and logic
-towards Jews who want to connect religion with philosophy

26
Q

Shabbat

A

-Jewish day of rest and celebration
-God created world in 6 days and rested on the 7th
-disconnect from material world and focus on spiritual matters

27
Q

Covenant

A

-promise between god and abraham (people)
-deeply rooted in Tanach
-Observing commandments and living ethically honors covenant

28
Q

Sefer Torah

A

-handwritten copy of the torah
-super sacred, spiritual guide

29
Q

Dual Torah Myth

A

-poses interconnected fors of divine revelation: written and oral torah
-Judaism believes that Torah was revealed to Moses at Mt. Sinai in written and oral form
-many believe they were given at the same time

30
Q

Levitical Judaism

A

-emphasizes ethical conduct, proper worship
-LEVITES: served as ritual caretakers of the temple
-Books: Leviticus and Numbers
-no a lot of interest in Messiah

31
Q

Messiah

A

-name reserved for Jewish leader who will redeem Israel in End Of Days
-Rebuild temple in Jerusalem, gather all Jews, be world leader
-represents hope for a better world

32
Q

Almohades

A

-Violent North African group who interrupted harmony between Jews and Muslims when they tried to impose their religion upon others
-early medieval periods

33
Q

Tanaim

A

-the rabbinic sages whose views are recorded in the Mishnah
-10CE-220CE
-preserved and transmitted Jewish tradition

34
Q

70 CE

A

-destruction of second jewish temple
-roman army destroyed it, reshaping Jewish tradition and culture
-war began around 66 CE

35
Q

Talmid Chacham

A

-torah scholar
-someone who embodies scholarship and character
-Jewish master

36
Q

The Mishnah Torah

A

-work of Jewish law
-14 books: details all aspects of Jewish observance

37
Q

The Baal Shem Tov

A

-Jewish mystic who founded Hasidic Judaism
-wanted equality among all Jews
-emphasized direct connection with God

38
Q

Tzaddik

A

-someone who embodies righteousness and spiritual excellence
-Live life aligned with divine principles and moral correctness
-pleads with God on behalf of Jewish people

39
Q

Saa’dya Gaon

A

-Integrates Jewish theology and Greek philosophy
-Prominent rabbi and Jewish philosopher who lived during the Abbasid Caliphate
-Wrote The Book of Beliefs and Opinions

40
Q

Rambam

A

-Not universally accepted in Judaism
-authored Mishnah Torah: explains all commandments
- wrote guide for the perplexed

41
Q

Shechinah

A

Jewish mysticism that refers to the divine presence of God in a place or among people (10)
-dwells when studying Torah

42
Q

Martyrdom

A

-willingly sacrifice life rather than renounce their faith
-rabbi zakkai escaped Jerusalem while other Jews became martyrs

43
Q

Neshama (or Nefesh)

A

-divine spark within each individual; spiritual core
-eternal and unchanging aspect of a person
-“the intellectual self”

44
Q

Teshuvah

A

-urge to repent and rekindle our connection to the sacred
-seeking forgiveness, catalyst for transformation,

45
Q

“In the Image of God”

A

-humans reflect God’s essence
-When we honor the dignity of others, we honor God’s presence within them
-be a steward to the earth and its people

46
Q

Babylonian exile description

A

a period in Jewish history which large numbers of Jdueans from Judah were expelled to Babylon, and Jerusalem and its temple were destroyed

47
Q

Rabbi Moses Ben Maimon

A

Maimodities
Rambam

48
Q

1492

A

Jews expelled from Spain

Jew (1 decks)

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