in class assignments

Question 1

Light signals emitted by female fireflies used for ________ are copied by other females. WHY IS IT EFFECTIVE

Answer 1

-Attracting a mate
why? leads the male to fly towards the female (lure) and then eat him, he thinks the female wants to mate

Question 2

Golden orb weaver spins a conspicuous golden web. Explain why it’s effective

Answer 2

bees are attracted to yellow, and they may think its a flower. they go to yellow pigments and won’t avoid it

Question 3

Golden orb weaver spiders spins web with prominent patterns to mimic _______
Why effective?

Answer 3

-nectar guides
why? patterns weaved reflect uv light, this resembles a nectar guide. Bees are attracted to where nectar is, so they go

Question 4

alkaloids (what? and found where)

Answer 4

Alters normal biological function of animals cells, found in cocoa (caffine!), autumn crocus, tobacco (nicotine!), opium poppy (morphine!), monkshood

Question 5

Cyanogenic glycosides (what, and where)

Answer 5

breaks down in the herbivore gut to release !hydrogen cyanide!
-Found in fruits and wilting leaves of !rosaceae! family

Question 6

Glucosinolates

Answer 6

Causes !gastroenteritis!, salivation, diarrhea, and mouth irritation
-!brassicaceae! family plants (mustard, horseradish)

Question 7

Terpenoids

Answer 7

volatile !essential oils! used for aromatic qualities
- citronella, eucalyptus

Question 8

Phenolics

Answer 8

binds to consumed plant proteins, make difficult to digest, interferes with !protein absorption!
- Cannabinoids, tannins (tea, red wine)

Question 9

_______ a term used to describe a compound that is toxic to both plants and _______

Answer 9

_______ a term used to describe a compound that is toxic to both plants and _______

Question 10

___________ type of resistance whereby toxic plant compounds are always present in plant

Answer 10

Constitutive resistance

Question 11

______ type of resistance whereby plants make defense compounds after herbivore damage is made

Answer 11

Induced resistance

Question 12

plant toxins may be stored in the following plant structures ______ (opium poppy), resin ducts, laticifers, or _________

Answer 12

-pod
-Glandular trichomes

Question 13

Tomatos belong to the _______ family. they contain ________, that inhibits insect/pathogen attack. other vegetables in this family are ______ and ______

Answer 13

solanaceae
solanine
Potatos
Eggplants

Question 14

Syngerism

Answer 14

effect when exposure to chemical mixture results in health effects that are greater than the sum of the effects of individual components

Question 15

Sequestration

Answer 15

Acquisition of toxic chemicals in the body that are gained through feeding

Question 16

the ________ (LD50) is dose required to kill half of individuals in test population. the _____ the ld50 the more severe the response

Answer 16

median lethal dose
lower
severe

Question 17

venom yield, dry bites, bite penetration, aggression, relevence

Answer 17

• small amount of venom offloaded per bite
• metabolically expensive to make venom, bite no venom
  -Cannot bite cause fangs can’t penetrate
  -Shy, rare, or live far from habitation
  -Some venom more effective of tissues on one animal than another

Question 18

______ destroy red blood cells and lead to extensive ______ or uncontrolled ________